Blood flow in the uterine loop artery and loop vein is bidirectional in the mouse: Implications for transport of steroids between fetuses

Saal, Frederick S. vom; Dhar, Minati

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90447-a

Cited by 69 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The length of this tissue (anogenital distance) is a sensitive bioassay for exposure to androgen during prenatal life (22)(23)(24). The same effect of testosterone on anogenital distance as previously reported (22)(23)(24) was also obtained in the testosterone-administered groups in the present study. This study also showed that the anogenital distance was significantly longer in both males and females in the exhaust-exposed groups and that maternal testosterone levels were higher in the exhaustexposed groups than in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Nitric oxide also produces inhibitory effects on the expression and activity of aromatase in human granulosa cells (20,21). Transport of endogenous sex steroids produced in the process of physiological differentiation from one fetus to another might be one of the other factors that disrupts fetal differentiation and neonate development (22)(23)(24)(25). Excessive steroid hormones, of both exogenous and endogenous origin, are toxic in the early steps of T-cell differentiation (26)(27)(28)(29).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Watanabe¹,

Kurita²

2001

Environ Health Perspect

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This study was conducted to determine the impact of diesel exhaust inhalation on the fetus. Seventy-two pregnant rats and 18 nonpregnant rats were divided into three groups: a group exposed to total diesel engine exhaust containing 5.63 mg/m(3) particulate matter, 4.10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, and 8.10 ppm nitrogen oxide; a group exposed to filtered exhaust without particulate matter; and a group exposed to clean air. The exposure period was from day 7 until day 20 of pregnancy. In addition, 15 pregnant rats were treated with aromatase inhibitors or testosterone to clarify the process by which diesel exhaust exerts its toxicity. The anogenital distance was significantly longer in male and female fetuses from both exhaust-exposed groups than in those of the control. Differentiation of the testis, ovary, and thymus was delayed and disturbed. Maternal testosterone and progesterone levels, which increased due to pregnancy whether or not the rats were exposed, were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the pregnant rats exposed to total exhaust and filtered exhaust. The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (OHCS) did not differ among the pregnant groups. These results indicate that elevated testosterone did not result from elevated maternal adrenal function. The feto-placental-ovarian unit and inhibition of aromatase activity and synthesis caused by diesel exhaust inhalation might have played an essential role in the accumulation of testosterone. Since both exhaust-exposed groups showed almost the same reactions toward the inhalation, the gaseous phase must have included the relevant toxicants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Watanabe¹,

Kurita²

2001

Environ Health Perspect

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“…This finding is consistent with the direct observation in pregnant house mice that dye injected into the heart enters the loop artery feeding each uterine horn from both the upper branch and the lower branch (vom Saal & Dhar, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…1). In contrast, Meisel & Ward (1981) and others (Richmond & Sachs, 1984;Houtsmuller & Slob, 1990) (vom Saal & Dhar, 1992).…”

Section: *Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of steroids between fetuses via amniotic fluid in relation to the intrauterine position phenomenon in rats

Even¹,

Dhar²,

Saal³

1992

Reproduction

110

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“…Testosterone diffuses through the placenta and provokes organizational and activational changes in the neighbouring foetuses [2]. The effects are usually stronger for females, and apparent by masculinization of morphological, behavioural, physiological and life-history traits [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculinized female yellow-bellied marmots initiate more social interactions

2011

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The presence of male siblings in utero influences female morphology and life-history traits because testosterone transferred among foetuses may masculinize females. Similarly, litter sex composition might alter the display of sexually dimorphic behaviour, such as play and allogrooming, since they are modulated by androgens. We explored whether masculinization alters the frequency of play and sociopositive behaviour in female yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris). We found that masculinized juvenile females were more likely to initiate play and allogrooming, but yearling females exhibited higher levels of oestrogen-modulated sociopositive behaviours. Additionally, the more they interacted, the greater number of different partners they interacted with. Our results suggest that masculinization increases the rate of age-dependent social behaviour. This probably works by increasing exploration that predisposes individuals to higher encounter rates. Further support comes from previous findings showing that masculinized females were more likely to disperse. Our study stresses the importance of considering litter sex composition as a fitness modulator.

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Blood flow in the uterine loop artery and loop vein is bidirectional in the mouse: Implications for transport of steroids between fetuses

Cited by 69 publications

References 18 publications

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Transport of steroids between fetuses via amniotic fluid in relation to the intrauterine position phenomenon in rats

Masculinized female yellow-bellied marmots initiate more social interactions

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