Transport of steroids between fetuses via amniotic fluid in relation to the intrauterine position phenomenon in rats

Even, Mary D.; Dhar, Minati; Saal, F. S. vom

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0960709

Cited by 110 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In case of rodents such as mice and rats, direct measures of prenatal T levels show that T can transfer between littermates (e.g. vom Saal and Bronson, 1980;Even et al, 1992). In line with this, rodents that developed between male fetuses differ from rodents that developed between female fetuses in several aspects (Ryan and Vandenbergh, 2002).…”

Section: Testosterone Transfermentioning

confidence: 93%

The Effect of Sibling's Gender on Earnings, Education and Family Formation

Péter

Lundborg²,

Webbink³

2015

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractWe examine how the gender of a sibling affects earnings, education and family formation.Identification is complicated by parental preferences: if parents prefer certain sex compositions over others, children's gender affects not only the outcomes of other children but also the very existence of potential additional children. We address this problem by looking at dizygotic twins.In these cases, the two children are born at the same time, so parents cannot make decisions about one twin based on the gender of the other twin.We find that the gender of the sibling influences both men and women, but in a different way.Men with brothers earn more and are more likely to get married and have children than men with sisters. Women with sisters obtain lower education and give birth earlier than women with brothers. Our analysis shows that the family size channel cannot explain the findings. Instead, the most likely explanation is that siblings affect each other via various social mechanisms.

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Section: Testosterone Transfermentioning

confidence: 93%

The Effect of Sibling's Gender on Earnings, Education and Family Formation

Péter

Lundborg²,

Webbink³

2015

SSRN Journal

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“…For example, female swine surrounded by male in utero are more likely to participate in and to win fights than female swine positioned between female swine in utero [173]. The masculinizing effect on females of gestating close to males is attributed to the transfer of testosterone from the male fetus to the adjacent female fetus [174]. In some species, intrauterine position affects postnatal behavior, anatomy, and physiology in male animals too, presumably by the same mechanism.…”

Section: Recommendations For Prospective Studies In Typical Populatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior: methods and findings

Cohen-Bendahan

Beek

Berenbaum

2005

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

485

400

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There is now good evidence that human sex-typed behavior is influenced by sex hormones that are present during prenatal development, confirming studies in other mammalian species. Most of the evidence comes from clinical populations, in which prenatal hormone exposure is atypical for a person's sex, but there is increasing evidence from the normal population for the importance of prenatal hormones. In this paper, we briefly review the evidence, focusing attention on the methods used to study behavioral effects of prenatal hormones. We discuss the promises and pitfalls of various types of studies, including those using clinical populations (concentrating on those most commonly studied, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, ablatio penis, and cloacal exstrophy), direct measures of hormones in the general population (assayed through umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and maternal serum during pregnancy), and indirect measures of hormones in the general population (inferred from intrauterine position and biomarkers such as otoacoustic emissions, finger length ratios, and dermatoglyphic asymmetries). We conclude with suggestions for interpreting and conducting studies of the behavioral effects of prenatal hormones. q

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“…Females that develop between two males (2M females) are exposed to higher levels of androgens than females that develop between two females (0M females). In the rat, two different models, the contiguous and caudal model, for testosterone transfer from males to females have been proposed (Clemens et al 1978;Even et al 1992;Meisel and Ward 1981). These models arose from uncertainty as to the mechanism of androgen transfer from the fetal male to the fetal female.…”

Section: Natural Variation In Androgen Concentrations During Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgens and environmental antiandrogens affect reproductive development and play behavior in the Sprague-Dawley rat.

Hotchkiss

Ostby

VanDenburgh

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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In mammals, exposure to androgens early in development is essential for masculinization of the male reproductive phenotype. Male fetuses exposed to antiandrogens during perinatal life are permanently demasculinized in their morphology and physiology, whereas exposure to exogenous androgens permanently masculinizes females. In some litter-bearing species, proximity in utero of females to males can partially masculinize female siblings and alter their responsiveness to endocrine-disrupting compounds. However, in our strain of rat (CD-SD Charles River), intrauterine position does not significantly influence testosterone concentrations and anogenital distance of fetuses. In comparison, administration of testosterone propionate to pregnant females, at doses that doubled fetal female testosterone levels, did masculinize the reproductive system. Discovery of androgen-active chemicals in the environment has placed increased emphasis on describing the reproductive and behavioral effects of both natural and environmental androgens and antiandrogens. Recently, the effects of an antiandrogen, vinclozolin, on the brain and behavior were cited as a special concern by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in its risk assessment of this pesticide. In rats, one such behavior that is perinatally organized by androgens is social play. Males play more than females, and administration of exogenous androgens during the neonatal period alters the juvenile expression of this sexually dimorphic behavior. Vinclozolin is an androgen receptor antagonist that inhibits androgen-dependent tissue growth in vivo. We were interested in whether developmental exposure to vinclozolin could also alter androgen-dependent behaviors such as play. Neonatal male rats were injected on postnatal days (PNDs) 2 and 3 with corn oil, the pharmacologic antiandrogen flutamide (50 mg/kg), or vinclozolin (200 mg/kg). On PNDs 36-37 animals were observed for social play. Behaviors associated with general social activity such as sniffing and dorsal contact were unaffected by treatment. However, play behavior in males treated with flutamide or vinclozolin was significantly reduced, resembling levels of play characteristic of females rather than untreated males. Therefore, this study demonstrates that perinatal exposure to vinclozolin, an environmental antiandrogen, can alter androgen-dependent play behavior in the male rat.

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Transport of steroids between fetuses via amniotic fluid in relation to the intrauterine position phenomenon in rats

Cited by 110 publications

References 11 publications

The Effect of Sibling's Gender on Earnings, Education and Family Formation

The Effect of Sibling's Gender on Earnings, Education and Family Formation

Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior: methods and findings

Androgens and environmental antiandrogens affect reproductive development and play behavior in the Sprague-Dawley rat.

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