Blood-Feeding Habits of Four Species of Mosquito Found in Hawaii *

Tempelis, C. H.; Hayes, Richard O.; Hess, A. D.; Reeves, William C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1970.19.335

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…quinquefasciatus can feed on mammals and birds, the relative proportion of preferred host order varies greatly among studies and vertebrate availability. 28,31,56,57 Knowledge of local diet preferences specific to Galápagos is critical to determine which vertebrate species would most likely be affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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West Nile Virus Vector Competency of Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in the Galápagos Islands

Eastwood

Kramer²,

Goodman³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The mosquito-transmitted pathogen West Nile virus (WNV) is not yet present in the Galápagos Archipelago of Ecuador. However, concern exists for fragile endemic island fauna after population decreases in several North American bird species and pathology in certain reptiles. We examined WNV vector competency of a Galápagos strain of mosquito ( Culex quinquefasciatus Say). Field specimens were tested for their capacity to transmit the WN02-1956 strain of WNV after incubation at 27°C or 30°C. Rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission all increased with days post-exposure to WNV, and the highest rates were observed at 28 days. Infection rates peaked at 59% and transmission rates peaked at 44% (of mosquitoes tested). Vector efficiency increased after day 14. Rates of infection but not of transmission were significantly influence by temperature. No vertical transmission was detectable. We demonstrate that Galápagos Cx. quinquefasciatus are competent WNV vectors, and therefore should be considered an animal and public health risk for the islands and controlled wherever possible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…quinquefasciatus known from elsewhere indicates that this mosquito would act as a bridge vector for WNV between bird and mammals in Galápagos. 23,30,31 North American Cx. quinquefasciatus populations are reported as competent vectors of WNV, and in southern United States this is the principal mosquito species associated with WNV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus Vector Competency of Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in the Galápagos Islands

Eastwood

Kramer²,

Goodman³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…quinquefasciatus on a diversity of avian and mammalian hosts ( N = 34), consistent with the results of previous studies. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Nevertheless, the actual ratio of avian and mammalian feedings varied considerably among various geographic sites. Human-derived blood meals constituted 1.9% of all vertebrate-derived blood meals, indicating that Cx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-Host Interactions Governing Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Southern California

Molaei¹,

Cummings²,

Su³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Southern California remains an important focus of West Nile virus (WNV) activity, with persistently elevated incidence after invasion by the virus in 2003 and subsequent amplification to epidemic levels in 2004. Eco-epidemiological studies of vectors-hosts-pathogen interactions are of paramount importance for better understanding of the transmission dynamics of WNV and other emerging mosquito-borne arboviruses. We investigated vector-host interactions and host-feeding patterns of 531 blood-engorged mosquitoes in four competent mosquito vectors by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting mitochondrial DNA to identify vertebrate hosts of blood-fed mosquitoes. Diagnostic testing by cell culture, real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, and immunoassays were used to examine WNV infection in blood-fed mosquitoes, mosquito pools, dead birds, and mammals. Prevalence of WNV antibodies among wild birds was estimated by using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analyses of engorged Culex quinquefasciatus revealed that this mosquito species acquired 88.4% of the blood meals from avian and 11.6% from mammalian hosts, including humans. Similarly, Culex tarsalis fed 82% on birds and 18% on mammals. Culex erythrothorax fed on both birds (59%) and mammals (41%). In contrast, Culex stigmatosoma acquired all blood meals from avian hosts. House finches and a few other mostly passeriform birds served as the main hosts for the blood-seeking mosquitoes. Evidence of WNV infection was detected in mosquito pools, wild birds, dead birds, and mammals, including human fatalities during the study period. Our results emphasize the important role of house finches and several other passeriform birds in the maintenance and amplification of WNV in southern California, with Cx. quinquefasciatus acting as both the principal enzootic and “bridge vector” responsible for the spillover of WNV to humans. Other mosquito species, such as Cx. tarsalis and Cx. stigmatosoma, are important but less widely distributed, and also contribute to spatial and temporal transmission of WNV in southern California.

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“…quinquefasciatus is also known to use a wide variety of avian, mammalian, and to a minor extent, reptilian hosts. Whether the mosquitoes were predominantly ornithophilic [27][28][29][30] or mammalophilic 26,31,32 varied across habitats, geographic locations, and whether collections were performed indoors and/or outdoors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chickens have been previously reported to be heavily used hosts of both Cx. quinquefasciatus 23,27,29,39 and Cx. nigripalpus, 23 and this finding likely reflects host composition where mosquito sampling efforts were concentrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Selection of Potential West Nile Virus Vectors in Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, 2007

Kading

Gonzalez‐Reiche²,

Morales-Betoulle³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The selection of vertebrate hosts by Culex mosquitoes relative to West Nile virus (WNV) transmission in neotropical countries such as Guatemala is not described. This study determined the feeding patterns of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. nigripalpus and estimated the relative contribution of two common and frequently infected wild bird species, Turdus grayi and Quiscalus mexicanus, to WNV transmission. Engorged mosquitoes were collected from rural and urban habitats after the dry and wet seasons in the Department of Izabal in 2007. Host selection by Cx. nigripalpus varied significantly between urban and rural habitats. Both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. nigripalpus fed predominantly on chickens and other domestic animals. Blood meals from wild birds were rare, accounting for 1.1% of blood meals identified from Cx. quinquefasciatus and 6.5% of blood meals from Cx. nigripalpus. Transmission of WNV by these two mosquito species may be dampened by extensive feeding on reservoir-incompetent hosts.

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Blood-Feeding Habits of Four Species of Mosquito Found in Hawaii *

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

West Nile Virus Vector Competency of Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in the Galápagos Islands

West Nile Virus Vector Competency of Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in the Galápagos Islands

Vector-Host Interactions Governing Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Southern California

Host Selection of Potential West Nile Virus Vectors in Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, 2007

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