Vector-Host Interactions Governing Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Southern California

Molaei, Goudarz; Cummings, Robert; Su, Tianyun; Armstrong, Philip M.; Williams, Gregory M.; Cheng, Mark Ming‐Cheng; Webb, Jon R.; Andreadis, Theodore G.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.10-0392

Cited by 57 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…33,34 However, three recent bloodmeal identification studies done in California showed that Cx. pipiens complex females fed infrequently on mammals, including humans, even in highly urbanized areas [35][36][37] ; however, these studies did not evaluate the genetic ancestry of the individual females tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variation among Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus, Diapause Potential, Autogeny, and Host Selection

Nelms

Kothera

Thiemann

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic Variation among Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus, Diapause Potential, Autogeny, and Host Selection

Nelms

Kothera

Thiemann

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…tarsalis fed more frequently upon mammals than did members of the Cx. pipiens complex, both vectors blood fed frequently upon a wide variety of birds (Tempelis et al 1965, Tempelis and Washino 1967, Molaei et al 2010, Montgomery et al 2011, Campbell et al 2013, Reisen et al 2013a. Related behavioral studies showed the importance of vegetative ecotones, landscape heterogeneity and composition, and mosquito flight paths during host-seeking flights on the frequency of vector-host contact (Lothrop and Reisen 2001).…”

Section: Avian Host Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveys for Antibodies Against Mosquitoborne Encephalitis Viruses in California Birds, 1996–2013

Reisen

Wheeler

2016

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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From 1996 through 2013, 54,546 individual birds comprising 152 species and 7 orders were banded, bled, and released at four study areas within California, from which 28,388 additional serum samples were collected at one or more recapture encounters. Of these, 142, 99, and 1929 birds from 41 species were positive for neutralizing antibodies against western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), or West Nile virus (WNV) at initial capture or recapture, respectively. Overall, 83% of the positive serum samples were collected from five species: House Finch, House Sparrow, Mourning Dove, California Quail, and Western Scrub-Jay. Temporal data supported concurrent arbovirus surveillance and documented the disappearance of birds positive for WEEV in 2008 and SLEV in 2003 and the appearance of birds positive for WNV after its invasion in 2003. Results of these serosurveys agreed well with the host selection patterns of the Culex vectors as described from bloodmeal sequencing data and indicated that transmission of WNV seemed most effective within urban areas where avian and mosquito host diversity was limited to relatively few competent species.

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“…Although the American Robin is likely important in the spread of WNV (Kilpatrick et al 2006;Hamer et al 2009), fewer dead American Robins are reported or discovered by the California public compared to corvids, House Finches, and House Sparrows. In southern California, the House Finch and House Sparrow serve as reservoir populations for WNV because these two peridomestic species are frequent blood meal hosts for several Culex vectors (Thiemann et al 2012) and have been implicated in WNV amplification in that area (Molaei et al 2010). After the initial 2004 WNV outbreak, surviving House Finch and House Sparrow populations in southern California were frequently positive for WNV antibodies (Kwan et al 2012).…”

Section: Bird Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…West Nile virus activity will likely remain intermittent and subject to these and other factors (Reisen 2013;Lindsey et al 2014). Nonetheless, documentation of differential WNV prevalence among avian hosts, coupled with increased understanding of Culex-bird dynamics over the past 10 yr Molaei et al 2010;Montgomery et al 2011;Thiemann et al 2011;Lura et al 2012;Thiemann et al 2012) can help in anticipating and preventing human WNV infections and provide insight for bird population studies in California.…”

Section: Bird Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are a preferential host of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Hamer et al 2009), and WNV spread in northeast and northcentral US has been attributed to American Robins (Kilpatrick et al 2006;Hamer et al 2009). Peridomestic House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) serve as reservoir and amplifying hosts in California Wheeler et al 2009;Molaei et al 2010) and have been associated with human WNV disease outbreaks (Kwan et al 2012), especially in the western US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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West Nile Virus–related Trends in Avian Mortality in California, Usa, 2003–12

Foss

Padgett

Reisen

et al. 2015

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus transmitted enzootically by Culex mosquitoes among avian hosts. Since 2000, the California Dead Bird Surveillance Program (DBSP) has tracked avian mortality reported by the public on a telephone hotline and website and measured the prevalence of WNV infection in dead birds. We summarize herein WNV prevalence in dead birds tested and variation of WNV transmission over time and space with the use of DBSP data from 2003 to 2012. Prevalence among dead birds was highest in 2004, 2008, and 2012. This pattern was similar to peak WNV infection years for mosquitoes but not to human WNV incidence. Although American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) were most frequently reported and tested, this species ranked third in infection prevalence (44%) after Yellow-billed Magpies (Pica nuttalli; 62%) and Western Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma californica; 48%). Overall prevalence in American Robin (Turdus migratorius), House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), and House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) carcasses ranged from 18% to 22%. Corvid WNV prevalence was highest in South Coast, Bay/Delta, Sacramento, and San Joaquin valleys, and Klamath/North Coast bioregions, overlapping areas of elevated WNV activity in other surveillance measurements. Bioregional analysis revealed the avian species most likely to be reported and found positive in each bioregion. Our results may be useful to WNV surveillance and control efforts and provide insight into bird population trends in California.

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Vector-Host Interactions Governing Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in Southern California

Cited by 57 publications

References 59 publications

Phenotypic Variation among Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus, Diapause Potential, Autogeny, and Host Selection

Phenotypic Variation among Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from the Sacramento Valley, California: Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus, Diapause Potential, Autogeny, and Host Selection

Surveys for Antibodies Against Mosquitoborne Encephalitis Viruses in California Birds, 1996–2013

West Nile Virus–related Trends in Avian Mortality in California, Usa, 2003–12

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