Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis after long-duration treadmill exercise controlled by individual anaerobic threshold

Abstract

For rehabilitation training it is recommended that the intensity of exercise should be clearly below the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). We investigated blood coagulation, particularly endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) and fibrinolysis following a standardized treadmill (TR) ergometer test at 90% IAT for 60-120 min. Sixteen healthy male non-smokers underwent the TR test. Blood samples were taken after a 30-min rest, immediately after exercise, and 2 h after exercise completion. Extrinsic and intrinsic total (TTP(ex+in)) and endogenous (ETP(ex+in)) thrombin potential, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-alpha2-antiplasmin complex (PAP), D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator antigen and activity (tPA-AG and tPA-ACT) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and activity (PAI-1-AG and PAI-1-ACT) were measured. Immediately after TR, F1+2, TAT and TTP(ex+in) were increased ( P<0.05) while ETP(ex+in) remained unchanged. In contrast, PAP, D-dimer, tPA-AG, tPA-ACT ( P<0.05) were distinctly enhanced while PAI-1-ACT was decreased ( P<0.05) immediately after exercise. The changes in tPA-AG, tPA-ACT, and PAI-1-ACT were reversed to nearly baseline while the enhancement in PAP and D-dimer was prolonged by more than 2 h after exercise. Long-duration exercise between 60 and 120 min controlled by IAT (90%) on a TR ergometer only implicates a small increase in thrombin generation markers and total (free and alpha(2)-macroglubulin-bound thrombin), but not in endogenous (free) thrombin potential alone. In contrast, fibrinolysis is distinctly increased after this type of exercise. Endurance exercise with an intensity below 90% IAT and a duration below 2 h generates a more favourable condition for fibrinolysis than for blood coagulation in healthy young subjects. Data are given as mean (SD).

Release of pro-coagulant microparticles after moderate endurance exercise

“…Moderate exercise in young as well as middleaged, healthy subjects has been shown to activate coagulation [16,17]. Our data on MP and their procoagulant activity after moderate exercise may support the phenomenon of an exercise-induced increase in the haemostatic potential.…”

Peripheral vascular reactivity and serum BDNF responses to aerobic training are impaired by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism

“…Therefore, it is possible that this augmentation in resting BDNF concentration is linked to an increase in enzymatic profile, which is responsible for extracellular cleavage of BDNF, and physical exercise influences this constitutive context. It has been found that chronic exercise seems to be closely related to activation of matrix metalloproteinases (38) and increased plasmin (16), which is mainly responsible for extracellular cleavage of BDNF (27,41), which are related to angiogenesis processes mediated by increases in serum BDNF concentration (19,20,41).…”

Coagulation and Fibrinolysis are in Balance After Moderate Exercise in Middle-aged Participants

“…It is well known that vascular alterations and other diseases, as well as lipid levels, body mass index, the fitness level itself, and the type of exercise, its length and intensity, all influence coagulation and fibrinolysis. 16,[23][24][25][26] Many of these confounders could be eliminated by the study design used.…”

“…[13][14][15][16] By including only healthy men in our study, and by matching the 2 age groups for body composition and fitness level, it was possible to show exclusive changes both at rest and after moderate exercise depending on the age.…”