Blood clot stabilization on root dentin conditioned by the combination of tetracycline and EDTA

Blood clot stabilization after different mechanical and chemical root treatments: a morphological evaluation using SEM

“…The blood was allowed to clot over the specimens for 20 minutes in a humidified chamber at 37°C. The specimens were finally rinsed in phosphate-buffered saline (3 times×5 minutes each) in multi-well dishes with gentle rotating movements [ 4 ]. After rinsing, the specimens were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacodylate buffer solution (pH 7.2) for 4 hours, rinsed in 0.15 M cacodylate buffer, and dehydrated in ascending ethanol series solutions (50%, 70%, 90%, 95%, 100%; 5 minutes each concentration) [ 13 ].…”

“…Obtaining clean, smooth, and decontaminated root surfaces during periodontal surgery is imperative for the organization of new connective tissue re-attachment and enhancement of the tissue healing process [ 1 ]. Even though ultrasonic or manual scaling and root planing are the most widely used techniques in clinical settings for the mechanical cleaning of the root surface during periodontal therapy [ 2 3 ], they cannot fully decontaminate the dental hard tissue [ 4 ]. Moreover, due to mechanical debridement, a compact smear layer is formed in intimate contact with the treated surface, constituted by a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, microbial toxins, and debris [ 4 5 ].…”

“…Even though ultrasonic or manual scaling and root planing are the most widely used techniques in clinical settings for the mechanical cleaning of the root surface during periodontal therapy [ 2 3 ], they cannot fully decontaminate the dental hard tissue [ 4 ]. Moreover, due to mechanical debridement, a compact smear layer is formed in intimate contact with the treated surface, constituted by a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, microbial toxins, and debris [ 4 5 ]. From a histological point of view, the presence of a smear layer interposed between the root surface and the adjacent connective tissue could limit the connective tissue re-attachment process [ 1 4 5 ].…”

“…Moreover, due to mechanical debridement, a compact smear layer is formed in intimate contact with the treated surface, constituted by a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, microbial toxins, and debris [ 4 5 ]. From a histological point of view, the presence of a smear layer interposed between the root surface and the adjacent connective tissue could limit the connective tissue re-attachment process [ 1 4 5 ].…”

“…The exposure of root surface collagen fibrils using demineralizing solutions activates the physiological cascade of processes involved in periodontal healing, restores the biocompatibility of the root [ 7 ], and favors clot stabilization in the earlier stages of periodontal regeneration [ 8 ]. The exposure of the dentin matrix allows the interaction between the collagen fibrils of the root surface and the fibrin clot that comes from the periodontal wound, resulting in better regenerative outcomes [ 4 8 ].…”