Blood–biomaterial interactions in a flow system in the presence of bacteria: Effect of protein adsorption

Abstract

An in vitro continuous flow system with whole human blood was used to study blood-biomaterial interactions on a base polyurethane and three modified surfaces in the presence and absence of circulating Staphylococcus epidermidis. We hypothesized that the composition of the protein layer adsorbed on the surface of the biomaterial would influence the response of blood components and bacteria. We examined the test surfaces for adsorption of nine plasma proteins and adsorption profiles differed on the four surfaces. The positively charged surface, UC, adsorbed significantly higher amounts of fibronectin (P < .01), von Willebrand factor (P < .01), and fibrinogen (P < .05) than the other materials. As a consequence of increased adsorption of these adhesive proteins, the adhesion of platelets and bacteria was greater on UC than on any other surface. On the base polyurethane, BC, and the negatively charged surface, UA, protein adsorption was low, and these materials were largely free of adherent blood cells and bacteria. The heparinized surface, UH, adsorbed higher quantities (P < .01) of Hageman factor and high molecular weight kininogen relative to the other surfaces. Platelet adhesion, and surface coagulation were prominent on UC, and may have contributed to increased bacterial adhesion on this surface. In the presence of circulating bacteria, adsorption was generally lower than in the absence of bacteria. The pattern of protein adsorption was largely unaffected by the strain of circulating bacteria, but platelet responses (adhesion and activation) were greater in the presence of slime-producing S. epidermidis as compared to the non-slime-producing strain, suggesting that slime may have a direct activating effect on platelets.

Inhibition of bacterial and leukocyte adhesion under shear stress conditions by material surface chemistry

“…Due to rapid kinetics, a layer of proteins adsorbs within seconds onto the surface of a material exposed to blood. Our studies show that in the presence of serum proteins, bacterial adhesion was minimal and independent of shear stress and surface chemistry effects which is in accordance with previously published data [5,[31][32][33]. An adsorbed protein layer may have concealed the surface characteristics of the material, thus, resulting in negligible effects of surface chemistry on adhesion trends.…”

“…3, Elasthane 90A-6F showed an overall slight increase in bacterial adhesion in the presence of serum, which is, however, <10% of bacterial adhesion observed in PBS. Diverse surface chemistries have been shown to produce varying patterns of adsorbed proteins [32,34]. Thus, in the presence of uorocarbon endgroups, the adsorbed protein layer may have increased attractive intermolecular forces, thereby promoting bacterial adhesion.…”

Surface-Grafted Polysarcosine as a Peptoid Antifouling Polymer Brush

“…It is therefore hypothesized that an antifouling surface design that can prevent non-specific protein adsorption and cell attachment may be able to improve the performance of a range of biomedical devices. 1-6 For example, surface-induced thrombosis initiated by plasma protein adsorption, and the activation of the coagulation system, are major complications in blood-contacting devices (e.g. small-diameter, synthetic vascular grafts and cardiac valve prosthetics).…”

Antimicrobial and Anti‐Inflammatory Intelligent Surfaces

“…Moreover, it has been shown that activation or denaturation of adsorbed plasma proteins play a key role in the adhesion and activation of blood cells. 202,203 It was shown that signifi cant differences arise between adsorption patterns on heparin -coated and uncoated PVC surfaces. Fibronectin, fi brinogen, C3, and high -molecularweight kininogen ( HMWK ) exhibited specifi c adsorption profi les depending on the heparin coating of the surface.…”