Blocking capability for switching function and average models of modular multilevel converters

Development of Real-Time Implementation of a Wind Power Generation System with Modular Multilevel Converters for Hardware in the Loop Simulation Using MATLAB/Simulink

“…Many techniques have been proposed to simulate MMCs in which several tens to several hundred SMs of the same shape are connected in series in real time [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. The model introduced in [22,23] applies a traditional detailed insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based modeling method.…”

Modeling of MMC for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Electromagnetic Transients: A Review

“…The works in [97][98][99] utilize the state-space formulation, which is computationally intensive and not suitable for fault studies in an HVDC system, while [100] proposes a generalized switching function model that utilizes the binary function to model the individual operation of submodules with high computational efficiency. The references in [101][102][103][104] extend this modeling approach to allow inherent incorporation of the blocked state of the converter. The works in [102,103] present the implementation of these switching function models using generic blocks from simulation software as illustrated in Figure 6.…”

“…The continuous variant of EIM has been validated against laboratory prototypes in [110,126]. Similarly, the switching function and average models have been validated against detailed models or EIM in the literature [19,20,100,101,106,107].…”

“…Based on the assumption of the identical construction of submodules and instantaneous voltage balance control, Refs. [20,101,106,107] represent all N submodules in an arm by an equivalent module. Despite their idealistic assumptions, these models inherently capture internally-stored energies and are suited for large signal analysis of the MMC.…”

“…The system mimics a modular multilevel converter system coupling an HVDC link and a strong AC grid. For the validation of the computational efficiency and accuracy of the modeling techniques, the detailed ideal model, the Thevenin equivalent model [17], the switching function model (SFM) [17] and the average value model [101], described in previous sections, are simulated. The reason for simulating just these models is the diversity in their solution methods, while the rest of the presented models can be categorized into one of these four representations and are expected to be simulated with a similar order of accuracy and computational speed.…”