BlockChain with IoT, an Emergent Routing Scheme for Smart Agriculture

Awan, Sabir Hussain; Ahmed, Sheeraz; Nawaz, Asif; Maghdid, Sozan Sulaiman; Zaman, Khalid; Khan, Muzammil; Najam, Zeeshan; Sohail, Imran

doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2020.0110457

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The good way is providing the IoT network with the low energy consumption during data transfer. To be able to do this, it is required to block the transfer of redundant data during data transmission, and attacks would also be prevented on the IoT network (Awan et al , 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to sense the cluster farm’s environmental characteristics and sensed information transfer to the base station through the sink, reducing the burden on clustering hierarch, is included in IoT nodes. It is because BC omits the redundant data to a great extent to avoid the high usage of energy by IoT nodes during transmission (Awan et al , 2020). Related articles are discussed below.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nodes involved in BC were clearly shown along with the architecture design. Also, Awan et al (2020) proposed a scheme for effective routing by integrating IoT with BC for nodes that are distributed to operate in a distributed manner for communicating links’ efficient usage. The proposed protocol applies smart contracts within heterogeneous IoT networks to look for a route to the base station.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic literature review on the security challenges of blockchain in IoT-based smart cities

Song

Jiang

et al. 2021

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Purpose Security is the most important issue in Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart cities and blockchain (BC). So, the present paper aims to detect and organize the literature regarding security in the IoT-based smart cities and BC context. It also proposes an agenda for future research. Therefore, the authors did a statistical review of security in IoT and BC in smart cities. The present investigation aims to determine the principal challenges and disturbances in IoT because of the BC adoption, the central BC applications in IoT-based smart cities and the BC future in IoT-based smart cities. Design/methodology/approach IoT) has a notable influence on modernizing and transforming the society and industry for knowledge digitizing. Therefore, it may be perceived and operated in real time. The IoT is undergoing exponential development in industry and investigation. Still, it contains some security and privacy susceptibilities. Naturally, the research community pays attention to the security and privacy of the IoT. Also, the academic community has put a significant focus on BC as a new security project. In the present paper, the significant mechanisms and investigations in BC ground have been checked out systematically because of the significance of security in the IoT and BC in smart cities. Electronic databases were used to search for keywords. Totally, based on different filters, 131 papers have been gained, and 17 related articles have been obtained and analyzed. The security mechanisms of BC in IoT-based smart cities have been ranked into three main categories as follows, smart health care, smart home and smart agriculture. Findings The findings showed that BC’s distinctive technical aspects might impressively find a solution for privacy and security problems encountering the IoT-based smart cities development. They also supply distributed storage, transparency, trust and other IoT support to form a valid, impressive and secure distributed IoT network and provide a beneficial guarantee for IoT-based smart city users’ security and privacy. Research limitations/implications The present investigation aims to be comprehensive, but some restrictions were also observed. Owing to the use of some filters for selecting the original papers, some complete works may be excluded. Besides, inspecting the total investigations on the security topic in BC and the IoT-based smart cities is infeasible. Albeit, the authors attempt to introduce a complete inspection of the security challenges in BC and the IoT-based smart cities. BC includes significant progress and innovation in the IoT-based smart cities’ security domain as new technology. Still, it contains some deficiencies as well. Investigators actively encounter the challenges and bring up persistent innovation and inspection of related technologies in the vision of the issues available in diverse application scenarios. Practical implications The use of BC technology in finding a solution for the security issues of the IoT-based smart cities is a research hotspot. There is numerable literature with data and theoretical support despite the suggestion of numerous relevant opinions. Therefore, this paper offers insights into how findings may guide practitioners and researchers in developing appropriate security systems dependent upon the features of IoT-based smart city systems and BC. This paper may also stimulate further investigation on the challenge of security in BC and IoT-based smart cities. The outcomes will be of great value for scholars and may supply sights into future investigation grounds in the present field. Originality/value As the authors state according to their knowledge, it is the first work using security challenges on BC and IoT-based smart cities. The literature review shows that few papers discuss how solving security issues in the IoT-based smart cities can benefit from the BC. The investigation suggests a literature review on the topic, recommending some thoughts on using security tools in the IoT-based smart cities. The present investigation helps organizations plan to integrate IoT and BC to detect the areas to focus. It also assists in better resource planning for the successful execution of smart technologies in their supply chains.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic literature review on the security challenges of blockchain in IoT-based smart cities

Song

Jiang

et al. 2021

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“…In [18], researchers presented an approach to measure the grain quality using blockchain smart contract. Authors explored in [19] how to blockchain-based systems promote value transfer in small-scale agricultural farms. To increase transparency and automate the process of blockchain in agriculture, authors in [20] introduced an advanced prototype.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smart contracts are unique in that they allow you to write code that executes itself without the need for a third party, which helps to save a lot of money, time, and effort, also no chance of errors or frauds. In comparison to a traditional contract, a smart agreement between two parties participating in a transaction holds each participant responsible for their participation in the transaction and also ensures that Less reliance on intermediates and third parties Open technological questions and scalability problems for example transactions latency Insurance policies and financial aids for rural area farmers Limited flexibility in design decisions [19] Traceability and transparency in value chains Some food quality factors, particularly environmental indicators, cannot be assessed using objective analytical methods the contract is implemented. Smart contracts increase a supply chain's transparency, traceability, and efficacy, allowing it to be more flexible in establishing connections between partners.…”

Section: Use Of Smart Contracts For Blockchain-basedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Model for Blockchain-Based Agriculture Food Supply Chain System

Ehsan

Khalid

Ricci

et al. 2022

Scientific Programming

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In agriculture supply chain management, traceability is a crucial aspect to ensure food safety for increasing customer loyalty and satisfaction. Lack of quality assurance in centralized data storage makes us move towards a new approach based on a decentralized system in which transparency and quality assurance is guaranteed throughout the supply chain from producer to consumer. The current supply chain model has some disadvantages like a communication gap between the entities of the supply chain and no information about the travel history and origin of the product. The use of technology improves the communication and relation between various farmers and stakeholders. Blockchain technology acquires transparency and traceability in the supply chain, provides transaction records traceability, and enhances security for the whole supply chain. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based, fully decentralized traceability model that ensures the integrity and transparency of the system. This new model eliminated most of the disadvantages of the traditional supply chain. For the coordination of all transactions in the supply chain, we proposed a decentralized supply chain model along with a smart contract.

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