In agriculture supply chain management, traceability is a crucial aspect to ensure food safety for increasing customer loyalty and satisfaction. Lack of quality assurance in centralized data storage makes us move towards a new approach based on a decentralized system in which transparency and quality assurance is guaranteed throughout the supply chain from producer to consumer. The current supply chain model has some disadvantages like a communication gap between the entities of the supply chain and no information about the travel history and origin of the product. The use of technology improves the communication and relation between various farmers and stakeholders. Blockchain technology acquires transparency and traceability in the supply chain, provides transaction records traceability, and enhances security for the whole supply chain. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based, fully decentralized traceability model that ensures the integrity and transparency of the system. This new model eliminated most of the disadvantages of the traditional supply chain. For the coordination of all transactions in the supply chain, we proposed a decentralized supply chain model along with a smart contract.
Blockchains are a new approach to creating distributed networks that were first introduced in 2008. It allows the formation of peer-to-peer networks based on consensus, forming chains from accepted blocks without requiring a central authority or centralized controller. A prominent application of this technology is its use in decentralized storage systems. Individuals in decentralized storage networks rent unused hardware storage space to other individuals. A decentralized network utilizing end-to-end encryption eliminates the risk of data loss associated with centralized data control by enabling clients to transmit their files securely. The storage providers must prove that they have kept unaltered files in this network for this time. Many studies have been conducted in this specific domain, most targeting storage capacity and efficiency, but a security, integrity and privacy loophole need to be addressed. This paper presents an overview of blockchain-based storage systems and how they work, followed by a comparison with cloud-based storage networks and a survey of various decentralized storage networks like SIA, File coin, and Storj available on the market. Next, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of blockchain-based storage. In our final discussion, we examine the security problems of decentralized storage networks and explore potential solutions and research directions for the future.
In the past few years, fire alarm systems have become increasingly sophisticated and more capable and reliable. The two main objectives are the protection of life and property. As a result of state and local codes, fire protection has become more concerned with life safety over the past two decades. Several safety measures have been implemented to address the problems caused by the fires and reduce the number of fatalities and property damage. Our project is to develop and review a fire alarm navigation system and application that uses the internet of things. Fire alarm systems are designed to warn people about fires in advance so that they can evacuate the fire-affected area and take immediate action to control the fire. There will be a GPS module, a flame sensor, a smoke sensor, buzzers, LEDs, and a GSM module to ensure early notification to authorities and fire stations. The aim is to reduce the loss of lives and property. A questionnaire was designed to conduct a brief survey in a multinational sports production company in Sialkot, Pakistan, regarding the IoT fire alarm navigation system. Besides installing the system in the factory, we compare the results with fire incident response time with and without this system at rescue 1122 fire head station.
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