Blockchain-based Reputation for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Abstract

A disruptive technology often used in finance, Internet of Things (IoT) and healthcare, blockchain can reach consensus within a decentralised network—potentially composed of large amounts of unreliable nodes—and to permanently and irreversibly store data in a tamper-proof manner. In this paper, we present a reputation system for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). It considers the users interested in traffic information as the main actors of the architecture. They securely share their data which are collectively validated by other users. Users can choose to employ either such crowd-sourced validated data or data generated by the system to travel between two locations. The data saved is reliable, based on the providers’ reputation and cannot be modified. We present results with a simulation for three cities: San Francisco, Rome and Beijing. We have demonstrated the impact of malicious attacks as the average speed decreased if erroneous information was stored in the blockchain as an implemented routing algorithm guides the honest cars on other free routes, and thus crowds other intersections.

Challenges for Connecting Citizens and Smart Cities: ICT, E-Governance and Blockchain

“…They made an effort in identifying blockchain components for working along with IoT and cloud computing. Some works of the literature considered blockchain for reputation [57] and payments on intelligent transportation systems [58], which is a topic of great interest for citizens, since many users are already registered with Uber and other private companies, which do not provide such decentralization of their services. The need of blockchain for these kind of services is essential for avoiding censorship and unfair behavior of companies.…”

Convergence of Blockchain and IoT for Secure Transportation Systems in Smart Cities

“…Hirctan et al have presented a blockchain-enabled reputation system for ITS in which only validated users can get traffic information from the ITS system [36]. e users can securely share or used the system-generated data and validated data while traveling between two points.…”

Disruptive Technologies in Smart Cities: A Survey on Current Trends and Challenges

“…In 2018, 60% of the market value of blockchain belonged to the financial sector, but it spread rapidly in other industries, such as health and agriculture [33]. For example, Hîrt , an et al [14] designed a reputation system based on blockchain technology for intelligent transport systems. Users contribute with data to the system and receive real traffic information.…”

“…Table 4 presents a selection of blockchain applications in smart city components. Vehicles communication management [92] E-procurement/ Smart contracts [46,89] Personal data management [92] Air quality monitoring [93] Shipment tracking [92] Healthcare [22,92] Transportation planning [14,47] Agriculture [94] Traffic management [14] E-voting [89] Smart home [17,87] Transaction history management [92] Public safety [91] Smart grid energy [22,90] Blockchain technologies are just beginning but offer many opportunities for the development of smart cities due to their characteristics, such as decentralisation, audibility, immutability, and transparency. They are complementary to big data and AI technologies that alone cannot guarantee data quality due to threats such as hacking and human mistakes [88].…”

“…This research further explores the opportunities and challenges of four disruptive technologies: IoT, big data, AI, and blockchain for the development of smart cities. Previous research presents the role of disruptive technologies in specific fields of the cities in general or in the particular case of smart cities, such as real estate [8], transportation and mobility [13][14][15], health [16], smart homes [17], etc. Other research address only one disruptive technology such as AI [18,19], big data [20], blockchain [21,22], or IoT [23].…”