Blockchain-Based Cloud-Enabled Security Monitoring Using Internet of Things in Smart Agriculture

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly progressed in recent years and immensely influenced many industries in how they operate. Consequently, IoT technology has improved productivity in many sectors, and smart farming has also hugely benefited from the IoT. Smart farming enables precision agriculture, high crop yield, and the efficient utilization of natural resources to sustain for a longer time. Smart farming includes sensing capabilities, communication technologies to transmit the collected data from the sensors, and data analytics to extract meaningful information from the collected data. These modules will enable farmers to make intelligent decisions and gain profits. However, incorporating new technologies includes inheriting security and privacy consequences if they are not implemented in a secure manner, and smart farming is not an exception. Therefore, security monitoring is an essential component to be implemented for smart farming. In this paper, we propose a cloud-enabled smart-farm security monitoring framework to monitor device status and sensor anomalies effectively and mitigate security attacks using behavioral patterns. Additionally, a blockchain-based smart-contract application was implemented to securely store security-anomaly information and proactively mitigate similar attacks targeting other farms in the community. We implemented the security-monitoring-framework prototype for smart farms using Arduino Sensor Kit, ESP32, AWS cloud, and the smart contract on the Ethereum Rinkeby Test Network and evaluated network latency to monitor and respond to security events. The performance evaluation of the proposed framework showed that our solution could detect security anomalies within real-time processing time and update the other farm nodes to be aware of the situation.

Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Ensuring Security and Privacy Aspects in Internet of Things: A Systematic Literature Review

“…The primary information of the included papers [ 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 ] is shown in Table 1 . Based on the data shown in Figure 4 , we can observe that 13.95% of the total papers were published in 2018 [ 93 , 103 , 111 , 116 , 120 , 124 ], while 30.23% were published in 2019 [ 90 , 92 , 94 ,…”

“…However, many approaches that include blockchain technology in their designs are achieving promising results. Overall, 37.21% of the proposed schemes originate from China [ 92 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 102 , 104 , 105 , 113 , 114 , 119 , 124 , 125 , 128 , 129 , 132 ], and 62.79% are distributed between 14 countries [ 90 , 91 , 93 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 103 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 126 , 127 , 130 , 131 ]. Most of the included papers are published in journals, which result in 79.07% [ 90 , 91 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 102 , 104 , …”

“…We included a detailed description of the publishers (name of journal or conference) to address the common databases used. Overall, 51.16% are published in the IEEE database [ 91 , 92 , 96 , 97 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 110 , 111 , 116 , 119 , 120 , 123 , 124 , 127 , 128 , 132 ], 20.93% are published in Elsevier [ 94 , 103 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 117 , 118 , 121 , 122 ], 13.95% are published in MDPI [ 98 , 99 , 109 , 115 , 130 , 131 ], 6.98% are published in Springer [ 93 , 95 , 125 ], and 6.98% are published in Wiley/Hindawi [ 90 , 126 , 129 ].…”

A Study of the Impacts of Air Pollution on the Agricultural Community and Yield Crops (Indian Context)

“…Rice is grown in such a manner that its water needs are met by the rainy season, such that in a short period of 10 to 20 days, the fields are cleared of wheat. One of the critical issues in this situation is the domestic burning of biofuels, which causes more deaths than deaths due to industrial outages [9][10][11][12].…”

SITAMPAN: Mobile application for planting and harvesting of horticultural crops in Garut Regency

“…Based on other research, some countries already use the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve productivity and quality of agribusiness, monitoring the behavior of fruit maturity, plant and soil moisture, nutrient levels of water and soil, and environmental temperature. Instead, agriculture in Kenya uses information and Communication Technology for agricultural commodity exchange by developing a short message service in collaboration with a mobile phone provider Safaricom [15], [16]. Information and Communication Technology helps each farmer access the latest market information on commodity prices and offerings and the right Hybrid Corn seeds to be grown in their respective agroecological zones.…”