Blockchain‐based asset storage and service mechanism to metaverse universe: Metarepo

Abstract

Digital modeling of the real world with 3D modeling technologies has recently prepared the groundwork for Metaverse. Metaverse is an ecosystem that will allow social and cultural events in the real world to be carried out in the digital world as well. Inspired by this framework, this study presents an approach called MetaRepo, where users can securely store digital assets (cryptocurrency, avatars, clothes, tickets, etc.) and use them in various activities within the metaverse universe. The motivation for the realization of this study is the security problems in the exchange, buying and selling transactions that take place in the virtual universes that have become popular in recent days. Another source of motivation is the anxiety of the object owners having their possessions stolen, lost, and transferred to another universe in the Metaverse. Blockchain technology, which can store assets in MetaRepo, has been used to address these concerns. In the developed blockchain structure, New User Engine, Transaction Centre, Authenticator Engine (Weng) and Repos models have been developed for user interaction, transaction processing and security mechanism. An exemplary metaverse universe including social activities has been designed for the testing and evaluation processes of the proposed MetaRepo approach. MetaRepo is communicated from the browser via APIs. Detailed performance analysis has been carried out for the proposed model. As a result, with MetaRepo, a mechanism is aimed at which users can communicate with different metaverse universes and platforms without the need for extra verification and security measures within the metaverse universe.

MetaChain: A Novel Blockchain-based Framework for Metaverse Applications

“…Proof: We will prove that η satisfies the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions for nonconvex optimization problems [41]. Moreover, since (15) and ( 16) are differentiable and satisfy linearity constraint qualification, strong duality holds, and thus η is the global optimal solution of (P3). Next, we prove that η satisfies the KKT conditions as follows.…”

“…If the verification is successful, the central authority stores the MUs' identities and public keys in a public blockchain for Metaverse applications to query. Similarly, the authors in [15] develop a blockchainbased framework for Metaverse to manage MUs' identities and transactions. Particularly, the proposed framework is composed of four parts, namely New User Engine, Transaction Centre, Authenticator Engine, and Repo.…”

“…Moreover, if the optimal solution of (P3) satisfies (13) in the case where σ = S, we can derive the global optimal solution of (P1). Note that when the optimal solution of (P3) cannot satisfy (15), it does not imply the absence of a feasible solution of (P1) for a given σ. Despite this limitation, the proposed Lagrangian method can still find solutions that are better than those from commercial solvers in a significantly shorter amount of time.…”

Security vulnerability analysis of metaverse in cyberspace

“…Several survey papers have introduced the concept of metaverse [1][2][3] . The development and research of metaverse involve many areas, and some papers have outlined the key technologies related to metaverse 1,4 , such as extended reality 5 , blockchain [6][7][8] , artificial intelligence 9,10 , and 5G technology 11 . Several papers have introduced research on metaverse security and privacy [12][13][14][15][16] .…”

HECC‐ABE: A novel blockchain‐based IoT healthcare data storage using hybrid cryptography schemes with key optimization by hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithm

“…The optimization of the keys is carried out to minimize the processing time and minimize the memory requirement. The objective function of the key optimization in the HECC-ABE cryptography scheme using the AFP-GEHHO algorithm is mathematically represented in Equation (41).…”