Blockchain and smart contract for access control in healthcare: A survey, issues and challenges, and open issues

Sookhak, Mehdi; Jabbarpour, Mohammad Reza; Safa, Nader Sohrabi; Yu, F. Richard

doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102950

Cited by 80 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Hence, to solve this problem, Blockchain can be integrated with AI to protect data access and secure the implementation of federated learning in healthcare applications. Through smart contracts, access control rules will be imposed on the data access from different data holders for secure data sharing [27,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Table 17 gives overview of some Blockchain for AI based healthcare applications.…”

Section: • Energy Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Securing AI Applications and Open Innovations

Shinde

Patil

Kotecha

et al. 2021

Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity

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Nowadays, open innovations such as intelligent automation and digitalization are being adopted by every industry with the help of powerful technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). This evolution drives systematic running processes, involves less overhead of managerial activities and increased production rate. However, it also gave birth to different kinds of attacks and security issues at the data storage level and process level. The real-life implementation of such AI-enabled intelligent systems is currently plagued by the lack of security and trust levels in system predictions. Blockchain is a prevailing technology that can help to alleviate the security risks of AI applications. These two technologies are complementing each other as Blockchain can mitigate vulnerabilities in AI, and AI can improve the performance of Blockchain. Many studies are currently being conducted on the applicability of Blockchains for securing intelligent applications in various crucial domains such as healthcare, finance, energy, government, and defense. However, this domain lacks a systematic study that can offer an overarching view of research activities currently going on in applying Blockchains for securing AI-based systems and improving their robustness. This paper presents a bibliometric and literature analysis of how Blockchain provides a security blanket to AI-based systems. Two well-known research databases (Scopus and Web of Science) have been examined for this analytical study and review. The research uncovered that idea proposals in conferences and some articles published in journals make a major contribution. However, there is still a lot of research work to be done to implement real and stable Blockchain-based AI systems.

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Section: • Energy Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Securing AI Applications and Open Innovations

Shinde

Patil

Kotecha

et al. 2021

Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity

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show abstract

“…The introduction of smart contracts and blockchain technology has paved the way toward the development of efficient EHR access control approaches for supporting secure identification, authorization, and authentication of clients and studying state-of-the-art blockchain-based approaches of the access control in the healthcare industry. A thematic classification of blockchain-based access control approaches has been suggested to obtain the following objectives: recognize the security problems that are related to available approaches, highlight the main requirements of security for designing a granular access control approach, and examine the differences and similarities of the conventional approaches of access control and some of the important and outstanding challenges as future directions [13].…”

Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey: (Blockchain-Based Solution for COVID-19 and Smart Contract Healthcare Certification)

Sabah

Sagheer

Dawood

2021

ijcsm

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The year 2020 has shown the quick spread and devastating effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the world economy, health, and human life. Combating the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial. Blockchain technology can assist in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic by assuring safe and reliable medical supplies, accurate identification of virus hot spots, and establishing data provenance to verify genuine personal protective equipment that is decentralized, reliable, traceable, and transparent. A major proportion of current healthcare systems are centralized and are short on privacy and information necessary for the detection of fraud connected to the certification by the COVID-19 vaccine. The quick vaccination rollout and the deployment of a global vaccination campaign are crucial and dependent on the availability of transparent and operational distribution chains, which may be audited by all the necessary parties. Blockchain technology might also be used to assure transparent monitoring, storage, and distribution of COVID19 vaccinations. Smart contracts are built for monitoring and tracking the proper circumstances of vaccine distribution in comparison to safe handling of vaccine producers, informing all network peers. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of block chain and smart contracts in the health care system. The article presents a model of the decentralized infrastructure of the health care system. The blockchain and intelligent contract technology provided has shown promising results. The proposed solution is economically feasible and ensures data integrity, security, transparency, and traceability. Future work aims to expand the functionalities of smart contracts and the blockchain technology.

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“…Another aim of this review is to attract the attention of scientists to this field and boost the informatics/bioinformatics community to develop new approaches for solving the problems on these issues. Recently, some review papers are published on similar topics (Casino, Dasaklis & Patsakis, 2019;Drosatos & Kaldoudi, 2019;Abu-elezz et al, 2020;Hasselgren, et al, 2020;Ramachandran et al, 2020;Ahmad et al, 2021;Sookhak et al, 2021;Omar et al, 2021).…”

Section: Rationale Of the Review And Intended Audiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for genomics and healthcare: a literature review, current status, classification and open issues

Dedeturk

Soran

Bakır-Güngör

2021

PeerJ

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The tremendous boost in the next generation sequencing technologies and in the “omics” technologies resulted in the generation of hundreds of gigabytes of data per day. Nowadays, via integrating -omics data with other data types, such as imaging and electronic health record (EHR) data, panomics studies attempt to identify novel and potentially actionable biomarkers for personalized medicine applications. In this respect, for the accurate analysis of -omics data and EHR, there is a need to establish secure and robust pipelines that take the ethical aspects into consideration, regulate privacy and ownership issues, and data sharing. These days, blockchain technology has picked up significant attention in diverse fields, including genomics, since it offers a new solution for these problems from a different perspective. Blockchain is an immutable transaction ledger, which offers secure and distributed system without a central authority. Within the system, each transaction can be expressed with cryptographically signed blocks, and the verification of transactions is performed by the users of the network. In this review, firstly, we aim to highlight the challenges of EHR and genomic data sharing. Secondly, we attempt to answer “Why” or “Why not” the blockchain technology is suitable for genomics and healthcare applications in detail. Thirdly, we elucidate the general blockchain structure based on the Ethereum, which is a more suitable technology for the genomic data sharing platforms. Fourthly, we review current blockchain-based EHR and genomic data sharing platforms, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these applications, and classify these applications using different metrics. Finally, we conclude by discussing the open issues and introducing our suggestion on the topic. In summary, to facilitate the diagnosis, monitoring and therapy of diseases with the effective analysis of -omics data with other available data types, through this review, we put forward the possible implications of the blockchain technology to life sciences and healthcare.

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Blockchain and smart contract for access control in healthcare: A survey, issues and challenges, and open issues

Cited by 80 publications

References 58 publications

Blockchain for Securing AI Applications and Open Innovations

Blockchain for Securing AI Applications and Open Innovations

Survey: (Blockchain-Based Solution for COVID-19 and Smart Contract Healthcare Certification)

Blockchain for genomics and healthcare: a literature review, current status, classification and open issues

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