Blockchain-Aided Secure Semantic Communication for AI-Generated Content in Metaverse

Abstract

The construction of virtual transportation networks requires massive data to be transmitted from edge devices to Virtual Service Providers (VSP) to facilitate circulations between the physical and virtual domains in Metaverse. Leveraging semantic communication for reducing information redundancy, VSPs can receive semantic data from edge devices to provide varied services through advanced techniques, e.g., AI-Generated Content (AIGC), for users to explore digital worlds. But the use of semantic communication raises a security issue because attackers could send malicious semantic data with similar semantic information but different desired content to break Metaverse services and cause wrong output of AIGC. Therefore, in this paper, we first propose a blockchain-aided semantic communication framework for AIGC services in virtual transportation networks to facilitate interactions of the physical and virtual domains among VSPs and edge devices. We illustrate a training-based targeted semantic attack scheme to generate adversarial semantic data by various loss functions. We also design a semantic defense scheme that uses the blockchain and zero-knowledge proofs to tell the difference between the semantic similarities of adversarial and authentic semantic data and to check the authenticity of semantic data transformations. Simulation results show that the proposed defense method can reduce the semantic similarity of the adversarial semantic data and the authentic ones by up to 30% compared with the attack scheme.

Diffusion-based Reinforcement Learning for Edge-enabled AI-Generated Content Services

“…Recent research has explored the potential of AIGC in empowering Metaverse. For example, to promote the construction of a virtual transportation system, the authors in [7] propose a blockchain-aided semantic communication framework for AIGC services to facilitate interactions of the physical and virtual domains among virtual service providers and edge devices. Moreover, the authors in [22] present a blockchain-empowered framework to manage the life-cycle of edge AIGC products.…”

“…Furthermore, Stable Diffusion, a text-to-image Generative AI (GAI) model launched in 2022 by Stability AI, can generate images in seconds conditioned on text descriptions [5]. With these capabilities, AIGC techniques are rapidly becoming essential for content creation and delivery, which is considered the "engine" in powering Metaverse [6,7].…”

A systematic review of ChatGPT use in K‐12 education

“…This technology is capable of automating the generation of significant quantities of content in a short time (Cao et al, 2023). ChatGPT, a conversational language model created by OpenAI, is a well-known example of AIGC (Lin et al, 2023). AIGC techniques are not restricted to text generation, however.…”

“…It is a form of AI technology known as a large language model (LLM). It is a type of the Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (GPT) model that is trained on a huge amount of conversational data (Lin et al., 2023). ChatGPT is designed to generate human‐like text and interact with users.…”

zk-DASTARK: A quantum-resistant, data authentication and zero-knowledge proof scheme for protecting data feed to smart contracts

“…However, the drawback of this solution is that it requires a trusted setup to be established before its application. In 2023, Yijing et al [28], suggested a framework that uses blockchain technology and zero-knowledge proof to aid semantic communication between edge devices and virtual transportation networks. The proposed framework helps detection between malicious and authentic semantic data.…”