Block6Tel: Blockchain-based Spectrum Allocation Scheme in 6G-envisioned Communications

Patel, Farnazbanu; Bhattacharya, Pronaya; Tanwar, Sudeep; Gupta, Rajesh; Kumar, Neeraj; Guizani, Mohsen

doi:10.1109/iwcmc51323.2021.9498854

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In [125], the authors propose a novel protocol stack model for 6G. Moreover, they have also improved the physical layer based on blockchain technology to optimize the spectrum allocation schema.…”

Section: ) New Network Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While the fifth-generation mobile network is being commercialized worldwide, researchers have recently started looking towards the next generation, called the 6G network. Unlike 5G and previous generations of wireless technologies designed to improve network performance for greater bandwidth, lower latency and greater reliability, 6G ecosystems is considered a platform conducive to innovations in the fields of computing, artificial intelligence, connectivity and sensors, virtualization and more. It is designed to meet the requirements of higher global coverage, greater spectral efficiency, a reduced carbon footprint, with an emphasis on sustainability, equity, trust and security through unprecedented architectural evolutions and technology. 6G will be an integrated network system that includes a traditional terrestrial mobile network, space network, and underwater network to provide ubiquitous network access. Even if there are studies on vision of 6G network that have already been published, there is still a significant amount of ground to cover. There is no decision made yet regarding anything and nothing has been ruled out. The focus of this study is to identify a complete picture of changes in architectures, technologies, and challenges that will shape the 6G network. We hope the research results will provide indications for further studies on 6G ecosystems.

show abstract

Section: ) New Network Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of a centralized spectrum management schema, in [125], the authors propose the Block6Tel schema by integrating blockchain into a spectrum allocation schema to improve spectrum efficiency for 6G. In [126], the authors proposed a blockchain-based vehicle reputation rating system for the social internet of vehicles.…”

Section: ) Blockchain Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Once the 32-bit content address is generated, it is added as the data part of the transaction. The block also contains version V, the hash of the previous block H p , the Merkle root M r , the time stamp T, and the nonce value N [36].…”

Section: Transaction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Game-o-Meta: Trusted Federated Learning Scheme for P2P Gaming Metaverse beyond 5G Networks

Bhattacharya

Verma

Prasad

et al. 2023

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized gaming industry has shifted towards realistic gaming environment (GE) support for game players (GPs). Recent innovations in the metaverse have motivated the gaming industry to look beyond augmented reality and virtual reality engines, which improve the reality of virtual game worlds. In gaming metaverses (GMs), GPs can play, socialize, and trade virtual objects in the GE. On game servers (GSs), the collected GM data are analyzed by artificial intelligence models to personalize the GE according to the GP. However, communication with GSs suffers from high-end latency, bandwidth concerns, and issues regarding the security and privacy of GP data, which pose a severe threat to the emerging GM landscape. Thus, we proposed a scheme, Game-o-Meta, that integrates federated learning in the GE, with GP data being trained on local devices only. We envisioned the GE over a sixth-generation tactile internet service to address the bandwidth and latency issues and assure real-time haptic control. In the GM, the GP’s game tasks are collected and trained on the GS, and then a pre-trained model is downloaded by the GP, which is trained using local data. The proposed scheme was compared against traditional schemes based on parameters such as GP task offloading, GP avatar rendering latency, and GS availability. The results indicated the viability of the proposed scheme.

show abstract

“…Their experimental results showed that Teechan could achieve 2, 480 transactions per second on a single channel with a latency of less than 1 millisecond, excluding the network's latency. Moreover, authors in [161] developed Block6Tel, a system that leverages BC in spectrum allocation to enable secure and trusted band allocation between providers and achieve transparency. Results showed that their approach outperformed benchmarks in terms of resource utilization rate, overhead, and fairness.…”

Section: ) Mmwave and Terahertzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Physical Layer Security and Blockchain Technology for 5G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey

Ghourab¹,

Jaafar²,

Bariah³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fifth-generation and beyond (5G and xG) wireless networks are envisioned to meet the requirements of various vertical applications that require higher traffic throughput, ultra-massive connectivity, extremely low latency, and high quality of service. Disruptive technologies, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter wave, and multiple access are being deployed to meet these requirements. However, the deployment of these technologies poses several challenges, including the lack of network transparency, management decentralization, and reliability. In addition, the heterogeneity of these networks raises security concerns, particularly, confidentiality, privacy, and trustworthiness. Typically, networks rely on encryption techniques at higher layers to ensure security and privacy. However, due to the emergence of novel computing paradigms, such as quantum computing, traditional security approaches are no longer sufficient to protect over-the-air communications. Therefore, 5G/xG networks must consider smarter and more efficient security techniques to operate seamlessly and efficiently. Within this context, physical layer security (PLS) and blockchain represent promising solutions to complement existing methods. By exploiting the characteristics of wireless links, PLS can enhance the security of wireless communications, while blockchain can guarantee the decentralization, integrity, and trustworthiness of networks. Motivated by these technological advancements, this paper provides an in-depth review of the existing literature on PLS and blockchain. Then, for the first time, we present a framework for the integration of PLS with blockchain in 5G/xG systems. We begin by providing a thorough discussion about the potential of PLS and blockchain for 5G/xG systems. Next, we present our vision of a cross-layer architecture that leverages both PLS and blockchain in 5G/xG networks. Finally, we identify related challenges and open issues and shed light on future research directions.

show abstract

Block6Tel: Blockchain-based Spectrum Allocation Scheme in 6G-envisioned Communications

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

Game-o-Meta: Trusted Federated Learning Scheme for P2P Gaming Metaverse beyond 5G Networks

Interplay between Physical Layer Security and Blockchain Technology for 5G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About