Innovative Trends in the 6G Era: A Comprehensive Survey of Architecture, Applications, Technologies, and Challenges

Abstract

While the fifth-generation mobile network is being commercialized worldwide, researchers have recently started looking towards the next generation, called the 6G network. Unlike 5G and previous generations of wireless technologies designed to improve network performance for greater bandwidth, lower latency and greater reliability, 6G ecosystems is considered a platform conducive to innovations in the fields of computing, artificial intelligence, connectivity and sensors, virtualization and more. It is designed to meet the requirements of higher global coverage, greater spectral efficiency, a reduced carbon footprint, with an emphasis on sustainability, equity, trust and security through unprecedented architectural evolutions and technology. 6G will be an integrated network system that includes a traditional terrestrial mobile network, space network, and underwater network to provide ubiquitous network access. Even if there are studies on vision of 6G network that have already been published, there is still a significant amount of ground to cover. There is no decision made yet regarding anything and nothing has been ruled out. The focus of this study is to identify a complete picture of changes in architectures, technologies, and challenges that will shape the 6G network. We hope the research results will provide indications for further studies on 6G ecosystems.

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

“…The advancement of mobile wireless technology can be divided into distinct eras, each of which has brought about substantial progress and developments in data rates, connectivity, and functionality [ 10 ]. The initial phase of mobile wireless technology, 1G, was introduced in the early 1980s and was primarily based on analog technology [ 11 ]. This generation of technology was primarily utilized for voice communication and was distinguished by its low data transfer speeds and subpar audio quality [ 12 ].…”

Flexible Multi-Layered Security System: Secure 6G Mobile Network Considerations

“…Figure 1 6G vision linked worlds 6G networks aims to achieve ultra-low latency, measured in microseconds, and very high data speeds, up to 1 Tbps. Furthermore, 6G offers more than 1000 times the capacity of 5G by combining THz frequency and spatial multiplexing techniques.6G networks combine terrestrial, undersea, and space networks to provide omnipresent and universal coverage [9][10].The aims of 6G networks are to achieve intelligent communication, maximize data rates, minimize energy consumption, improve broadband connectivity and coverage, strengthen communication security and reliability, boost link reliability, and lower latency. 6G may be able to support data rates above 100 Gbps with end-to-end delays of less than 1 ms. additionally; very high levels of communication reliability are anticipated with 6G.The ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability of 6G networks is expected to facilitate wireless communications.…”

Performance Analysis of SVD and LSB Steganography Data Hiding Techniques: 6G Network Security Survey

“…In recent years, many researchers have been interested in providing suggestions and visions for 6G of wireless communications system. There are many research papers that present the expected vision for 6G system, such as [10][11][12][13][14].This section presents the vision and expected proposals for the sixth generation system. Figure 2 show the 6G vision.…”

“…The 6G architecture will be a fully integrated communication system that includes space, the air, the land, and the sea in order to address the aforementioned drawbacks.The proposed architecture of 6G vision is illustrated in Fig. 3 [14].…”