Block-wise Fragile Watermarking Scheme Based on Scramble Encryption

He, Hongjie; Zhang, Jiashu; Chen, Fan

doi:10.1109/bicta.2007.4806454

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…If some modification is done on the watermarked image, then the quantized DCT coefficient and the new reduced gray level image can be used to recover the principal content of the tampered area. A block-wise fragile watermarking proposed by Hongjie ,et al is standard technique, based on scramble encryption [5] in which the watermark calculated from a block, is arbitrarily distributed on the LSB of all pixels in the whole image. This technique is good enough to localize tampered block but lacks image restoration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective pixel-wise fragile watermarking scheme based on ARA bits

Shivani

Patel

Kamble

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communication, Computing &Amp; Security - ICCCS '11

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Potential for exactly tracing maliciously altered pixels is currently desired in image authentication. This paper proposes an efficient pixel-wise fragile watermarking scheme, based on ARA (Authentication Relational & Associative) bits. In this scheme ARA bits are embedded as a watermark into the first three LSBs of each pixel of the host image. On the receiver end, by comparing the extracted LSBs and recalculated ARA bits, one can easily recognize the altered pixels of the host image.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective pixel-wise fragile watermarking scheme based on ARA bits

Shivani

Patel

Kamble

et al. 2011

Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communication, Computing &Amp; Security - ICCCS '11

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“…[1][2][3] Fragile watermark is used for image tamper detection due to its sensitivity for alteration in image. One type of the fragile watermarking approach divides a host image into small blocks, [4][5][6][7][8] and insert the fragile watermark into these blocks. There are many previous literatures that focused on image alteration detection and recovery but their efficiency differs on the basis of quality of results, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) values of imperceptibly altered work and the overhead of time complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantization-Based Fragile Watermarking Using Block-Wise Authentication and Pixel-Wise Recovery Scheme for Tampered Image

Singh

Shivani

Agarwal

2013

Int. J. Image Grap.

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This paper suggests an efficient fragile watermarking scheme for image content authentication along with altered region restoration capability. In this scheme, image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks of size 2 × 2 and for each block, eight bits for image content recovery data and four bits for authentication data from five most significant bits (MSBs) of each pixel, are generated. These 12 bits are embedded into the least significant bits (LSBs) of the pixels which are placed in its corresponding mapping block. At the receiver end by comparing the recalculated and extracted authentication data, the tampered blocks can easily be identified and using recovery data, one can easily restore the tampered block. Results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme is effective enough for alteration detection as well as tamper recovery of the image.

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“…If some modification is done on watermarked image then the quantized DCT coefficient and the new reduced gray level image can be used to reconstruct the principal content of the tampered area. In [4], a block-based fragile watermarking scheme based on scramble encryption is proposed. In that algorithm, the watermark derived from a block was randomly distributed on to the LSB of the whole image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various fragile watermarking schemes have recently been proposed for verifying the integrity and authenticity of the image content. In general, fragile watermarking schemes can be classified into two main categories: block-based schemes [3][4][5][6][7][8] and pixel-based schemes [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Fragile Encryption-Watermarking Combined Schemes for Image Authentication with Tamper Detection and Localization

Mohamed¹,

Ibrahim²,

Abdelfattah³

et al. 2015

IJCA

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This paper presents two fragile watermarking schemes for digital image authentication with tamper detection and localization. We combine a proposed chaos-based encryption algorithm with the two schemes in order to improve the security, tamper detection sensitivity and tamper localization accuracy of the two schemes. The first proposed fragile watermarking scheme can be classified as a block-based scheme that divides the cover image into non-overlapping 4×4 blocks. We generate an 8-bit authentication watermark for each cover image block based on the block contents and then we use the proposed chaos-based encryption algorithm to encrypt this watermark. These encrypted 8-bit watermark are then embedded into the least significant bits (LSBs) of the highest intensity eight pixels of the block. On the other hand, the second proposed watermarking scheme can be classified as a wavelet-based scheme which uses an external secret watermark. This watermark is encrypted using the proposed chaos-based encryption algorithm. We decompose the cover image using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and then we use the encrypted watermark to update the approximation coefficients (LL sub-band) of the image. Various experimental tests are carried out to evaluate the performance of the two schemes. Experimental results demonstrate that the two proposed schemes can detect and localize tampering attacks accurately. The two schemes also achieve high degree of imperceptibility performance. Compared to some fragile watermarking schemes, our proposed schemes are more secure and efficient.

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Block-wise Fragile Watermarking Scheme Based on Scramble Encryption

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

An effective pixel-wise fragile watermarking scheme based on ARA bits

An effective pixel-wise fragile watermarking scheme based on ARA bits

Quantization-Based Fragile Watermarking Using Block-Wise Authentication and Pixel-Wise Recovery Scheme for Tampered Image

Two Fragile Encryption-Watermarking Combined Schemes for Image Authentication with Tamper Detection and Localization

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