Quantization-Based Fragile Watermarking Using Block-Wise Authentication and Pixel-Wise Recovery Scheme for Tampered Image

Abstract

This paper suggests an efficient fragile watermarking scheme for image content authentication along with altered region restoration capability. In this scheme, image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks of size 2 × 2 and for each block, eight bits for image content recovery data and four bits for authentication data from five most significant bits (MSBs) of each pixel, are generated. These 12 bits are embedded into the least significant bits (LSBs) of the pixels which are placed in its corresponding mapping block. At the receiver end by comparing the recalculated and extracted authentication data, the tampered blocks can easily be identified and using recovery data, one can easily restore the tampered block. Results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme is effective enough for alteration detection as well as tamper recovery of the image.

An efficient low bit rate image watermarking and tamper detection for image authentication

“…This tampering process is called a coincidence problem. The algorithms described in [21][22][23] do not deal with this problem. A hierarchical watermarking algorithm has been proposed in [24].…”

VGG16Unet: effective passive model for image splicing forgery localization

“…Techniques like digital watermarking and signatures are employed in active forgery detection to verify content authentication and copyright violations 2 , 3 , 6 – 10 However, these techniques have limited use due to the lack of information about the watermark or signature in many cases. To overcome this limitation, passive techniques for detecting copy-move and splicing forgery are being developed that do not require prior information.…”