“…This paper consists of a literature review of empirical studies conducted on face-to-face IMD formats available since 2006. The paper builds upon the work of Davies (2006) who published a review of face-to-face IMD formats in the tertiary education sector that authors writing on this topic frequently cite (e.g., Dixon & O'Gorman, 2019;Hesterman, 2015;Crispin, Hancock, Male, Baillie, Macnish, Leggoe, Ranmuthugala, & Alam, 2016). Davies' (2006) review defined IMD, outlined where different types of IMD are practiced, reviewed literature on IMD including empirical studies, discussed issues in interpreting data from the empirical studies, and outlined IMD learning issues.…”