Block size-based measures of street connectivity: A critical assessment and new approach

Stangl, Paul

doi:10.1057/udi.2013.36

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This work has a key antecedent in the work of Jacobs (1961) who introduced the concepts of 'short blocks' and 'pools of use'. These concepts -now generally labelled pedestrian 'permeability' and 'catchments' respectively -have each become key concerns for research on walkability with a range of metrics emerging in the fields of public health (Frank et al 2006, Giles-Corti et al 2003, Moudon et al 2006 and transport (Cervero and Kockelman 1997, Krizek 2003, Schlossberg 2006 as well as urban design and planning (Hillier 1996, Lee and Talen 2014, Stangl 2015. Morphological properties such as permeability and catchment would appear to be simple measures, yet the metrics used tend to vary according to the morphology being studied, the scale at which it is studied and the research questions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also the problem that the same perimeter can relate to variously shaped blocks. Stangl (2015) suggests that the longest diagonal of the block would be a better measure, yet the same diagonal length can relate to a vast range of block sizes and shapes that can be inscribed within a circle of that diameter. A related indicator is the number of blocks within a study area (Southworth and Ben-Joseph 2003), a proxy for average area, yet again this does not take into consideration the effect of elongated or heterogeneous block shapes.…”

Section: Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a concept has been developed into the mapping of walkable catchments or 'pedsheds' (Sevtsuk and Mekonnen 2012, Peponis, Bafna, and Zhang 2008, Schlossberg 2006. A range of different measures of such street network properties have been used in walkability research and planning practice, however, there are often inconsistent results for different morphologies (Knight and Marshall 2015, Lin and Moudon 2010, Stangl 2015). There is a need for metrics that can be applied across the vast differences between historic European city centres, the wide streets of colonial cities, the open spaces of modernist urbanism and the intricate labyrinths of informal settlements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permeability and interface catchment: measuring and mapping walkable access

Pafka

Dovey

2016

Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and

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The relationship between urban morphology and walkability is central to urban design theory and practice. In this paper we develop new measures for pedestrian permeability and catchment areas, suggesting that their joint use can progress our understanding of the ways urban morphology mediates walkability. Existing measures of permeability do not account for heterogeneous morphologies. Likewise, measures of pedestrian catchment do not account for what it is that is caught. The proposed 'area-weighted average perimeter' and 'interface catchments' together integrate both street width and block size, measuring both walkable access and what one gets access to. What is at stake is not only correlations with health and transport, but also measures of walkable access that are geared to the social and economic productivity of the city.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permeability and interface catchment: measuring and mapping walkable access

Pafka

Dovey

2016

Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and

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“…The early attempts to measure the accessibility of a pedestrian network incorporated the average block area [32][33][34], perimeter [35], length [36], diagonal [37] and the number of blocks within a given area. Other popular metrics for measuring the connectivity of the walkable environments indicate the total length of streets per area (or 'network density') [38] and the total number of intersections per area (or 'intersection density') [36,39].…”

Section: Access Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access and Forms of Urbanity in Public Space: Transit Urban Design Beyond the Global North

Peimani

Kamalipour

2020

Sustainability

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There has been an emerging interest in the study of urban design dimensions associated with Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs). However, addressing the question of how TOD principles laid out in the international literature can be explored in the context of the global South remains in an incipient stage. In this paper, we investigate the nexus between station walkable catchments and forms of urbanity around transit nodes by adopting an assemblage approach to cut across any separation of sociality and spatiality. Drawing on empirical research from two case studies in Tehran, this paper contributes to studies on transit urban design by developing two measures of accessibility—the Catchment of Accessible Public Spaces (CAPS) and Accessible Interfaces (AI). We found that the combination of high CAPS and high AI within a given time can enable streetlife intensity, which is also linked to a synergistic effect of a larger assemblage, including the number of entries and diversity of functions. We argue that a focus on both measures is critical to understand the performance and potential transformation of street networks in a TOD.

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“…French tracked the movement of dipodomys microps, and determined that they stayed within their original grid but moved 450 feet. Based on the research of block sizes in (Siksna 1997) and (Stangl 2015), and Feng's suggestion that rodents travel about a city block, 450 feet is a good estimate of distance for our migration radius. Because this distance is not definitively known and can vary among rodent species and geographic conditions, we test 4 different values of r: 400, 450, 500 and 550 feet.…”

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spreading of rodent infestations through a city

Brooks

Matta

2019

Appl Netw Sci

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This paper details a network-based analysis of the spreading of rodent infestations through a city under varying conditions. Models of two very different cities, Tulsa, OK, USA and Providence, RI, USA, are created as geometric graphs using publicly available map data. The SIR epidemic model is applied with varying parameters, and the resulting infestation rates are measured. Results indicate that the density of a city, the size of the largest connected component (from the point of view of a rodent migrating to a new location), and the distance and probability of migration all play a role in determining the resulting rate of infestation. Results obtained are consistent with infestation patterns and rates reported by studies of other similarly dense city environments. For Providence a targeted attack simulation is run, which shows that carefully targeted extermination interventions could reduce infestation in the city by approximately 40%.

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Block size-based measures of street connectivity: A critical assessment and new approach

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Permeability and interface catchment: measuring and mapping walkable access

Permeability and interface catchment: measuring and mapping walkable access

Access and Forms of Urbanity in Public Space: Transit Urban Design Beyond the Global North

Spreading of rodent infestations through a city

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