Blindness and Other Diseases in Children Arising From Deficient Nutrition (Lack of Fat-Soluble a Factor)

Bloch, C. E.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1924.01920080046005

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…By the 1920s, increased susceptibility to infection and high child mortality were attributed to the lack of vitamin A (Bloch, 1924), and provision of vitamin A was shown to reduce child mortality (Blegvad, 1924). In 1924 Erik Widmark, a professor at the University of Lund, concluded 'there must be in a population in which xerophthalmia occurs a much larger number of cases in which the deficiency in vitamin A, without producing the eye disease, is the cause of a diminished resistance to infections' (Widmark, 1924).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: epidemiology and pathogenesis

Bloem²

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

300

223

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Objective: To gain insight into vitamin A deficiency as a cause of anemia. Methods: Comprehensive review of the scientific literature. Results: Although vitamin A deficiency is recognized to cause anemia, 'vitamin A deficiency anemia' lacks complete characterization as a distinct clinical entity. Vitamin A appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of anemia through diverse biological mechanisms, such as the enhancement of growth and differentiation of erythrocyte progenitor cells, potentiation of immunity to infection and reduction of the anemia of infection, and mobilization of iron stores from tissues. Epidemiological surveys show that the prevalence of anemia is high in populations affected by vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. Improvement of vitamin A status has generally been shown to reduce anemia, but the actual public health impact on anemia is unclear. Conclusions: Further work is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms by which vitamin A causes anemia. The inclusion of anemia as an outcome measure in future micronutrient intervention studies should help provide further insight into the anemia of vitamin A deficiency.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: epidemiology and pathogenesis

Bloem²

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

300

223

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“…Although not well acknowledged, several studies have shown that otitis media is one of the fi rst manifestations of vitamin A defi ciency and reported to respond to Vitamin A therapy [1,2]. Vitamin A defi ciency is known to greatly increase the risk of otitis media [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of vitamin A in the evolution of cholesteatoma

Rao¹,

Srinivas

Humbarwadi

et al. 2009

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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The role of vitamin A in the maintenance of epithelial integrity is well known. Several animal studies have dealt with the induction of cholesteatoma in vitamin A defi ciency states and prevention and treatment of otitis media with vitamin A treatment. We treated fi ve patients of cholesteatoma with vitamin A oral supplements and no other treatment and found signifi cant resolution of cholesteatoma in four patients. Though this may not be an explanation in every case of cholesteatoma, our study highlights that there is a subset of patients with vitamin A defi cient cholesteatoma who could substantially benefi t from intervention with this wonderful vital amine.

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“…Carl Edvard Bloch (1872-1952), a pediatrician in Copenhagen, also dealt with the epidemic of xerophthalmia and provided important descriptions of the epidemiology of vitamin A deficiency (29). Bloch observed that the number of cases of children admitted with xerophthalmia at the State Hospital in Copenhagen rose from 19 12 to 19 17, then dropped dramatically in 191 8 ( Figure 2) (30).…”

Section: Observations From Denmarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He concluded that vitamin A deficiency was characterized by a decline in immunity, increased severity of infections, and a higher risk of death. Child mortality was reduced by providing foods containing vitamin A. Bloch advocated the provision of milk, cream, and butter to reduce eye disease, promote growth and development, and reduce infectious diseases of children (29).…”

Section: Observations From Denmarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vitamin A and mortality paradigm: past, present, and future

Semba¹

2001

Näringsforskning

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Vitamin A deficiency contributes to the morbidity and mortality from some infectious diseases. Empirical observations and trials from the early twentieth century led to the paradigm that improvement of vitamin A status could reduce morbidity and mortality among women and children. Many seminal observations of vitamin A deficiency and infection were made in Scandinavia. International organizations in the 1930s and 1940s emphasized adequate vitamin A status to prevent morbidity and mortality. With improvement of nutrition and hygiene in Europe and the United States, vitamin A deficiency largely disappeared, and attention later turned towards developing countries. Over one hundred clinical trials have addressed the impact of vitamin A on infectious disease morbidity and mortality and show that adequate vitamin A status is important in measles and diarrheal disease but not in non-measles pneumonia. Current studies extend investigations of the role of vitamin A to malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.

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Blindness and Other Diseases in Children Arising From Deficient Nutrition (Lack of Fat-Soluble a Factor)

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: epidemiology and pathogenesis

The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: epidemiology and pathogenesis

Role of vitamin A in the evolution of cholesteatoma

The vitamin A and mortality paradigm: past, present, and future

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