Blind spots in visions of a “blue economy” could undermine the ocean's contribution to eliminating hunger and malnutrition

Farmery, Anna K; Allison, Edward H.; Andrew, Neil L.; Troell, Max; Voyer, Michelle; Campbell, Brooke M; Eriksson, Hampus; Fabinyi, Michael; Song, Andrew M.; Steenbergen, Dirk J.

doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.12.002

Cited by 66 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, this approach has been widely criticised given that over 26% of the world population remains food insecure and hunger is rising [ 40 ] despite ongoing growth in agricultural production and a global food surplus [ 41 ]. Increased production does not automatically lead to food security outcomes, as local consumers can miss out on the benefits of production where producers sell to the highest bidders, commonly in international markets [ 21 ]. Accessibility generally relates to affordability and physical access, as well sociocultural access and preferences [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater political commitment is needed to link fisheries and aquaculture with food security and public health [ 16 , 20 , 21 ]. In addition, there is a need to reframe policies to establish fish as food (in addition to a trade commodity, or an environmental governance challenge) [ 2 , 4 ] and to support the role of aquatic foods within a ‘food system’ to address concerns around health, sustainability and equity in food access, affordability and consumption [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Consideration of these broader food system elements is gaining traction in agricultural research and policy, although the role and contribution of aquatic foods in food systems has largely been ignored [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Policy Best-Practices to Support the Contribution of Aquatic Foods to Food and Nutrition Security

Farmery

White²,

Allison

2021

Foods

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The relationship between aquatic foods and food nutrition and security is increasingly recognised in policy and practice, yet many governance instruments do not acknowledge or support this important connection. The most effective policy approaches to support the link between these sectors, or ‘best practices’ are currently unknown. We reviewed relevant governance instruments from multiple countries to identify how these instruments linked fisheries, aquaculture and food security and nutrition, including the policy framing and evidence of political commitment. Of the documents connecting the sectors (65%), the majority did so in the context of developing the fisheries/aquaculture sector to increase aquatic food availability and/or access (51%), followed by developing the fisheries/aquaculture sector as a livelihoods approach to indirectly improve food security (33%), for example, through income generation. Sectoral links established in the context of nutrition-sensitive approaches to fisheries and aquaculture were less common (5%). Almost one third (29%) of instruments supported the connection between aquatic foods and food security and nutrition across three or more different contexts relevant to food security or food systems, while 12% indicated a very high level of commitment. We recommend some key attributes for future policy development to help build coherence between sectors and to help frame coherent food system-based policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Policy Best-Practices to Support the Contribution of Aquatic Foods to Food and Nutrition Security

Farmery

White²,

Allison

2021

Foods

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“…Industrial-scale cultivation of red seaweeds may come with a drawback as they also produce a secondary metabolite called bromoform, known for its potent ozonedepleting properties (Carpenter and Liss, 2000;Blasiak et al, 2020). A broader systems perspective on the implications of this and other alternative feed resources is urgently needed -perhaps transcending the need for seafood stewardship and moving the ambition to "food systems stewardship" (Farmery et al, 2021). Seaweed farming is also researched for its ability to take up carbon and how this function could become an additional tool for mitigating climate change.…”

Section: Sustainable Aquaculture Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…resources and ecosystems to governing marine social-ecological systems (Österblom et al, 2017a). This also entails a fundamental emphasis on equity and equitable distribution of resources rather than simply increasing production to meet global nutrition goals in isolation from the rest of the sustainable development agenda (Farmery et al, 2021). The increasing attention in science, practice and policy on stewardship is a reflection of this shift in perspective (World Benchmarking Alliance, 2019;UN Global Compact, 2020a;Folke et al, 2021;MSC, 2021e;.…”

Section: Toward Ocean Stewardshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Perspectives of Stewardship in the Seafood Industry

et al. 2021

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Humanity has never benefited more from the ocean as a source of food, livelihoods, and well-being, yet on a global scale this has been accompanied by trajectories of degradation and persistent inequity. Awareness of this has spurred policymakers to develop an expanding network of ocean governance instruments, catalyzed civil society pressure on the public and private sector, and motivated engagement by the general public as consumers and constituents. Among local communities, diverse examples of stewardship have rested on the foundation of care, knowledge and agency. But does an analog for stewardship exist in the context of globally active multinational corporations? Here, we consider the seafood industry and its efforts to navigate this new reality through private governance. We examine paradigmatic events in the history of the sustainable seafood movement, from seafood boycotts in the 1970s through to the emergence of certification measures, benchmarks, and diverse voluntary environmental programs. We note four dimensions of stewardship in which efforts by actors within the seafood industry have aligned with theoretical concepts of stewardship, which we describe as (1) moving beyond compliance, (2) taking a systems perspective, (3) living with uncertainty, and (4) understanding humans as embedded elements of the biosphere. In conclusion, we identify emerging stewardship challenges for the seafood industry and suggest the urgent need to embrace a broader notion of ocean stewardship that extends beyond seafood.

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“…Fish farms are among the first economic products that extend back many years. Fish farms have a direct impact on the economies of countries, especially those located in coastal areas [3]. Due to the fact that the importance of fish farming has to be controlled using new technology models, many people began to simulate nature and raise fish in a way similar to the natural aquatic environment of fish by making fish farming inside the area of water [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and Recognition of Fish Farming by Extraction New Features to Control the Economic Aquatic Product

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2021

Complexity

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With the rapid emergence of the technology of deep learning (DL), it was successfully used in different fields such as the aquatic product. New opportunities in addition to challenges can be created according to this change for helping data processing in the smart fish farm. This study focuses on deep learning applications and how to support different activities in aquatic like identification of the fish, species classification, feeding decision, behavior analysis, estimation size, and prediction of water quality. Power and performance of computing with the analyzed given data are applied in the proposed DL method within fish farming. Results of the proposed method show the significance of contributions in deep learning and how automatic features are extracted. Still, there is a big challenge of using deep learning in an era of artificial intelligence. Training of the proposed method used a large number of labeled images got from the Fish4Knowledge dataset. The proposed method based on suitable feature extracted from the fish achieved good results in terms of recognition rate and accuracy.

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Blind spots in visions of a “blue economy” could undermine the ocean's contribution to eliminating hunger and malnutrition

Cited by 66 publications

References 63 publications

Identifying Policy Best-Practices to Support the Contribution of Aquatic Foods to Food and Nutrition Security

Identifying Policy Best-Practices to Support the Contribution of Aquatic Foods to Food and Nutrition Security

Evolving Perspectives of Stewardship in the Seafood Industry

Classification and Recognition of Fish Farming by Extraction New Features to Control the Economic Aquatic Product

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