Blind motion-compensated video watermarking

Abstract

The temporal correlation between adjacent video frames poses a severe challenges for video watermarking applications. Motioncoherent watermarking has been recognized as a strategy to embed watermark information in video frames, resistant to collusion attacks. The motion-compensated temporal wavelet transform (MC-TWT) provides an efficient tool to separate static and dynamic components of a video scene and enables motion-coherent watermarking.In this paper, we extend a MC-TWT domain watermarking scheme with blind detection, i.e. motion estimation and watermark detection is performed without reference to the unwatermarked video. Our results show that motion-coherent watermarking can be combined with a blind detector, widening the applicability of MC-TWT domain watermarking beyond forensics (where the unwatermarked content is assumed to be available).

2D+t Wavelet Domain Video Watermarking

“…In these metrics, higher PSNR represents lower embedding distortion and for flicker, the lower values correspond to the better distortion performance. On the other hand, the watermarking robustness is represented by Hamming distance as mentioned in (14) and lower Hamming distance corresponds to better detection performance. Various scalable coded quality compression attacks are considered, such as Motion JPEG 2000, MC-EZBC scalable video coding, and H.264/AVC scalable extension (H.264-SVC).…”

“…In this case, the motion information is obtained from the watermarked test video. Similar to the nonblind watermarking 2D + t again outperforms a conventional t + 2D scheme such as in [14]. We now analyze the obtained results by grouping it by selection of temporal subband, by embedding method, and by compression scheme.…”

“…This MCTF-based video decomposition technique motivates a new avenue in transform domain video watermarking. Few attempts have already been made to investigate the effect of motion in video watermarking by incorporating motion compensation into video watermarking algorithms [12][13][14]. In these investigations, the sequence is first temporally decomposed into Haar wavelet subbands using MCTF and then spatially decomposed using the 2D DCT transform resulting in the decomposition scheme widely known as t + 2D.…”

MCDCT-TF based video watermarking resilient to temporal and quality scaling

“…3) represents the coefficients which are rejected by the coefficient selection procedure. To capture the embedding location in the upper layer frames, LocationMaps are also subjected to the (inverse) motion compensation using (7)(8). The procedure is shown in Fig.…”

“…Motion coherent watermarking has been used by many two resist collusion attacks. Meerwald proposed blind watermarking scheme using Motion Compensated Temporal Wavelet Transform (MCTWT) where the watermark is embedded in the low pass frames [7]. In [4], a compressed domain motion compensated watermarking scheme is presented where the watermark is embedded in motion compensated temporally filtered low pass frame obtained from B-frames of a GOP.…”