Authentication and Copyright Protection of Videos Under Transmitting Specifications

Favorskaya, Margarita N.; Buryachenko, Vladimir V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33795-7_5

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Due to limited computational resources, it is difficult to develop a system that is invariant to MPEG noise quantization and MPEG compression. However, we can examine a set of frames on the candidates of I-frame that are fully transmitted with respect to B-frames and P-frames (Favorskaya and Buryachenko, 2020b).…”

Section: Motion Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch-Based Adaptive Image and Video Watermarking Schemes on Handheld Mobile Devices

Favorskaya¹,

Buryachenko²

2021

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Mobile devices provide a huge amount of multimedia information sending to the members of social groups every day. Sometimes it is required to authorize the sending information using the limited computational resources of smartphones, tablets or laptops. The hardest problem is with smartphones, which have the limited daily energy and battery life. There are two scenarios for using mobile watermarking techniques. The first scenario is to implement the embedding and extraction schemes using proxy server. In this case, the watermarking scheme does not differ from conventional techniques, including the advanced ones based on adaptive paradigms, deep learning, multi-level protection, and so on. The main issue is to hide the embedding and extracting information from the proxy server. The second scenario is to provide a pseudo-optimized algorithm respect to robustness, imperceptibility and capacity using limited mobile resources. In this paper, we develop the second approach as a light version of adaptive image and video watermarking schemes. We propose a simple approach for creating a patch-based set for watermark embedding using texture estimates in still images and texture/motion estimates in frames that are highly likely to be I-frames in MPEG notation. We embed one or more watermarks using relevant large-sized patches according to two main criteria: high texturing in still images and high texturing/non-significant motion in videos. The experimental results confirm the robustness of our approach with minimal computational costs.

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Section: Motion Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch-Based Adaptive Image and Video Watermarking Schemes on Handheld Mobile Devices

Favorskaya¹,

Buryachenko²

2021

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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“…Recently in 2020, reference [46] studied the selection of relevant regions in I-frames under predefined restrictions and conditions based on transmission specifications. It uses the stable regions to embed the invariant features and the unstable zones of the I-frames to embed a fragile watermark.…”

Section: ) Authentication Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, references [1,19] have applied SHA256 hash functions on the extracted features from HEVC videos to prevent code imitation for authenticated video. Contrarily, reference [46] has applied the Arnold scrambling transform for authentication purposes which is a reversible technique not strong enough to be used for such application.…”

Section: ) Security Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently in 2020, reference [46] uses the stable regions to embed the invariant features, where simulation results showed high resistance to some attacks; such as noise, color, and brightness correction of frames, and scaling. However, the embedding capacity of the proposed algorithm was very limited, which significantly affects the recovery quality of the watermark and the PSNR value if the size of the embedded watermark increases.…”

Section: ) Copyright Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HEVC Watermarking Techniques for Authentication and Copyright Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2020

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Recently, High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) has been chosen to replace previous video coding standards, such as H.263 and H.264. Despite the efficiency of HEVC, it still lacks reliable and practical functionalities to support authentication and copyright applications. In order to provide this support, several watermarking techniques have been proposed by many researchers during the last few years. However, those techniques are still suffering from many issues that need to be considered for future designs. In this paper, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is introduced to identify HEVC challenges and potential research directions for interested researchers and developers. The time scope of this SLR covers all research articles published during the last six years starting from January 2014 up to the end of April 2020. Forty-two articles have met the criteria of selection out of 343 articles published in this area during the mentioned time scope. A new classification has been drawn followed by an identification of the challenges of implementing HEVC watermarking techniques based on the analysis and discussion of those chosen articles. Eventually, recommendations for HEVC watermarking techniques have been listed to help researchers to improve the existing techniques or to design new efficient ones.

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“…Fourier-processing of finite discrete two-dimensional (FDTD) signals (including images) in informational control (IC) systems is the most important method for studying processes and analyzing information [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The theoretical basis of Fourierprocessing of FDTD signals is two-dimensional direct and inverse discrete Fourier transforms (2D DFT, 2D IDFT) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] which can be represented in form of:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical foundations of digital vector Fourier analysis of two-dimensional signals padded with zero samples

Пономарева

Пономарев

2021

ICS

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Introduction: The practice of using Fourier-processing of finite two-dimensional signals (including images), having confirmed its effectiveness, revealed a number of negative effects inherent in it. A well-known method of dealing with negative effects of Fourier-processing is padding signals with zeros. However, the use of this operation leads to the need to provide information control systems with additional memory and perform unproductive calculations. Purpose: To develop new discrete Fourier transforms for efficient and effective processing of two-dimensional signals padded with zero samples. Method: We have proposed a new method for splitting a rectangular discrete Fourier transform matrix into square matrices. The method is based on the application of the modulus comparability relation to order the rows (columns) of the Fourier matrix. Results: New discrete Fourier transforms with variable parameters were developed, being a generalization of the classical discrete Fourier transform. The article investigates the properties of Fourier transform bases with variable parameters. In respect to these transforms, the validity has been proved for the theorems of linearity, shift, correlation and Parseval's equality. In the digital spectral Fourier analysis, the concepts of a parametric shift of a two-dimensional signal, and a parametric periodicity of a two-dimensional signal have been introduced. We have estimated the reduction of the required memory size and the number of calculations when applying the proposed transforms, and compared them with the discrete Fourier transform. Practical relevance: The developed discrete Fourier transforms with variable parameters can significantly reduce the cost of Fourier processing of two-dimensional signals (including images) padded with zeros.

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Authentication and Copyright Protection of Videos Under Transmitting Specifications

Cited by 18 publications

References 70 publications

Patch-Based Adaptive Image and Video Watermarking Schemes on Handheld Mobile Devices

Patch-Based Adaptive Image and Video Watermarking Schemes on Handheld Mobile Devices

HEVC Watermarking Techniques for Authentication and Copyright Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

Theoretical foundations of digital vector Fourier analysis of two-dimensional signals padded with zero samples

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