Blending Hydrogen into Natural Gas Pipeline Networks. A Review of Key Issues

California Power-to-Gas and Power-to-Hydrogen Near-Term Business Case Evaluation

“…The last scenario involves injecting hydrogen directly into a natural gas pipeline, which is technically feasible in modest volumes (Melaina, 2013). There is interest in understanding the economic value of this pathway.…”

Renewable Gas

“…ITM Power are proposing to inject hydrogen directly into the gas grid, and have recently worked with Thüga Group in Germany to do this, using PEM electrolysis (ITM Power, 2014b). There are currently limitations on the amount of hydrogen permitted in the gas grid, mainly owing to the physical properties of hydrogen (Haines et al, 2003;Melaina et al, 2010), and the legislation on pipeline quality of gridded gas. This is being reviewed, but there are other barriers to hydrogen injection to the gas grid.…”

Dynamic optimization for gas blending in pipeline networks with gas interchangeability control

“…The rapid increase of natural gas demand also boosts global liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade and the large‐scale exploitation of unconventional gas, such as shale gas and tight gas . To better meet the future gas demand and environmental requirements, some also suggest blending biogas and hydrogen into existing natural gas pipeline networks …”

“…4,5 To better meet the future gas demand and environmental requirements, some also suggest blending biogas and hydrogen into existing natural gas pipeline networks. 6,7 On one hand, the diversity of gas supplies helps to meet growing gas demand and reduce adverse effects on environment; on the other hand, diverse gas supplies also pose additional operational challenges on existing gas pipeline networks. For customers with well-tuned gas-fired equipment, a particular range of gas specifications around a set point is desired.…”