California Power-to-Gas and Power-to-Hydrogen Near-Term Business Case Evaluation

Eichman, Joshua; Flores-Espino, Francisco

doi:10.2172/1337476

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It also guarantees that the essential load is covered and allows direct coupling of the photovoltaic source to the PEM electrolyzer, avoiding losses. Other assessments based on renewable hydrogen for re-electrification do not consider a 100% of renewable penetration [24]. • This paper presents the use of hydrogen-based power to power systems and is compared against their main competitors that are common current solutions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of Hydrogen in Off-Grid Locations, a Techno-Economic Assessment

et al. 2018

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Diesel generators are currently used as an off-grid solution for backup power, but this causes CO 2 and GHG emissions, noise emissions, and the negative effects of the volatile diesel market influencing operating costs. Green hydrogen production, by means of water electrolysis, has been proposed as a feasible solution to fill the gaps between demand and production, the main handicaps of using exclusively renewable energy in isolated applications. This manuscript presents a business case of an off-grid hydrogen production by electrolysis applied to the electrification of isolated sites. This study is part of the European Ely4off project (n • 700359). Under certain techno-economic hypothesis, four different system configurations supplied exclusively by photovoltaic are compared to find the optimal Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE): photovoltaic-batteries, photovoltaic-hydrogen-batteries, photovoltaic-diesel generator, and diesel generator; the influence of the location and the impact of different consumptions profiles is explored. Several simulations developed through specific modeling software are carried out and discussed. The main finding is that diesel-based systems still allow lower costs than any other solution, although hydrogen-based solutions can compete with other technologies under certain conditions.

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confidence: 99%

Use of Hydrogen in Off-Grid Locations, a Techno-Economic Assessment

et al. 2018

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“…Previous studies have shown that the hydrogen breakeven cost between the three major investor owned utilities in California was more similar in the past and has only recently diverged (J. Eichman and Flores-Espino 2016). Reducing the CAPEX and OPEX in PG&E or SDG&E would reduce only a portion of that gap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Hydrogen Production and Electricity Markets: Analytical Insights from California

Guerra¹,

Eichman²,

Hurlbut³

et al. 2022

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Electrolyzer equipment trends suggest that costs could fall during the next 10 years. This study uses a midrange assumption of a 26% decrease by 2030 and a possible range from 17% to 41%.The profitability of the retail service pathways still depends on the utility service territory. Inflation-adjusted breakeven costs in SCE fall by 5% in 2030 under the utility's RTP program and (with larger reductions in electrolyzer costs) fall as low as $2.19/kg. Under a continuation of the utility's standard TOU program, breakeven costs could fall 2% by 2030.Projected outcomes for PG&E and SDG&E were mixed. Hydrogen breakeven costs for 2030 fall 4% under the PG&E tariffs and increased slightly for SDG&E.The simulations suggest that lower wind and solar costs could help hydrogen production under the hybrid pathways. In PG&E, 2030 costs were 22% lower for wind and 23% lower for solar. Costs in SCE fall 13% with an electrolyzer-wind combination and 15% combined with solar.

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“…The major incentive for hydrogen producers is LCFS credits that are generated for renewable hydrogen production. Assuming a $125 per LCFS credit and 100% renewable hydrogen production, a producer could earn up to $3.48/kg of hydrogen [53]. This would mean for the near term with a hydrogen demand of 159 million kg (low scenario), the LCFS credits would amount to roughly $0.6 billion, which balances the cost of building the required number of plants (see Figure 5, near term, low scenario).…”

Section: Hydrogen Demand and Infrastructure Buildoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Carbon Scenario Analysis of a Hydrogen-Based Energy Transition for On-Road Transportation in California

Vijayakumar¹,

Jenn²,

Fulton³

2021

Energies

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Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) are emerging as one of the prominent zero emission vehicle technologies. This study follows a deterministic modeling approach to project two scenarios of FCEV adoption and the resulting hydrogen demand (low and high) up to 2050 in California, using a transportation transition model. The study then estimates the number of hydrogen production and refueling facilities required to meet demand. The impact of system scale-up and learning rates on hydrogen price is evaluated using standalone supply chain models: H2A, HDSAM, HRSAM and HDRSAM. A sensitivity analysis explores key factors that affect hydrogen prices. In the high scenario, light and heavy-duty fuel cell vehicle stocks reach 12.5 million and 1 million by 2050, respectively. The resulting annual hydrogen demand is 3.9 billion kg, making hydrogen the dominant transportation fuel. Satisfying such high future demands will require rapid increases in infrastructure investments starting now, but especially after 2030 when there is an exponential increase in the number of production plants and refueling stations. In the long term, electrolytic hydrogen delivered using dedicated hydrogen pipelines to larger stations offers substantial cost savings. Feedstock prices, size of the hydrogen market and station utilization are the prominent parameters that affect hydrogen price.

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California Power-to-Gas and Power-to-Hydrogen Near-Term Business Case Evaluation

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Use of Hydrogen in Off-Grid Locations, a Techno-Economic Assessment

Use of Hydrogen in Off-Grid Locations, a Techno-Economic Assessment

Integrating Hydrogen Production and Electricity Markets: Analytical Insights from California

Low Carbon Scenario Analysis of a Hydrogen-Based Energy Transition for On-Road Transportation in California

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