Bleeding Disorders

Hackner, Susan G.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2591-7.10118-3

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Retrobulbar hematoma secondary to warfarin toxicity has also been reported to cause exophthalmos in humans [27]. Other causes of acquired coagulopathy that could cause subconjunctival or retrobulbar hemorrhage in dogs are severe liver disease; vasculitis; autoimmune disease directed against a coagulation factor; disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); anticoagulant therapy; or low levels of vitamin K secondary to obstructive hepatopathy, malabsorption, or low dietary vitamin K [21,28,29]. Bleeding disorders can be classified as diseases that affect fibrinolysis, primary hemostasis, and secondary hemostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Subconjunctival and Retrobulbar Hemorrhage Secondary to Brodifacoum Toxicity in a Dog

Kuhn

Hendrix

2013

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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An 8-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented for an acute onset of bleeding around the left eye. Mild exophthalmos and massive subconjunctival hemorrhage on the globe and nictitating membrane were present in the left eye. Retrobulbar hemorrhage was suspected, and pain was implied on opening of the mouth because the patient resisted and vocalized. No other abnormalities were found on ophthalmic or physical examination. Further questioning of the owner confirmed potential brodifacoum ingestion, and prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were both markedly elevated. Treatment with oral vitamin K1was implemented, and the subconjunctival hemorrhage was significantly improved within a few days of instituting treatment. All clinical signs of coagulopathy were completely resolved within 4 weeks of presentation. Coagulopathy secondary to brodifacoum ingestion can manifest as severe unilateral bulbar and nictitating membrane subconjunctival hemorrhage and exophthalmos due to retrobulbar hemorrhage without other clinical signs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Subconjunctival and Retrobulbar Hemorrhage Secondary to Brodifacoum Toxicity in a Dog

Kuhn

Hendrix

2013

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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“…Platelet estimation was performed because thrombocytopenia is known to cause minor prolongation of the ACT 2 . As automated platelet counts are frequently inaccurate in cats and some breeds of dog, platelet numbers were estimated from blood smear examination 12–14 . An average of 11 to 25 platelets per ×100 oil‐immersion hpf was considered normal and within each field each platelet was considered to represent a count of 15 × 10 9 platelets/L 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the authors’ knowledge, the suggestion that this manoeuvre may alter the ACT has not been substantiated in a published trial. However, studies have compared the first and second blood sample, as well as direct venipuncture to catheter draw, and found no significant difference in the ACT values 13,16 (K Mathews, personal communication). Results of the technique verification component of our study demonstrated that for the MAX‐ACT system in normal cats and dogs it is not necessary to use a two‐syringe collection method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated coagulation times in normal cats and dogs using MAX‐ACT^TM tubes

et al. 2009

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“…A single platelet found on a 100× field equates to ∼15 × 10 9 /L (15,000 platelets/μL) in circulation . It is unlikely that spontaneous bleeding will occur until platelet counts drop below 20 × 10 9 /L (20,000/μL) . Platelet clumps will alter interpretation of the estimated number of platelets.…”

Section: Primary Hemostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of platelet function

Jandrey

2012

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To review the current in vivo and in vitro tests of platelet function (PF) currently available and applicable to companion animals. Data Sources Scientific reviews, case reports, original clinical and laboratory research publications, and recent veterinary research conference proceedings. Human Data Synthesis Disorders of primary hemostasis are very common in human medicine. These include inborn errors of PF and granule storage contents, primary disease mechanisms that alter PF, disorders secondary to surgical interventions, and the effects of anticoagulant medications. Knowledge of PF disorders and the optimal method for assessment must be known to understand the mechanism and to monitor the process or drug therapy. Veterinary Data Synthesis Interest in the study and treatment of primary coagulopathies in clinical veterinary patients has resulted in a surge of recent publications and scientific research presentations. A translational approach that uses laboratory and point‐of‐care tools to uncover the pathophysiologic mechanisms in the patient with defects in primary hemostasis allows the clinician to plan the diagnosis and treatment more effectively. Summary Primary hemostatic disorders are being more commonly recognized in clinical veterinary practice. The diagnosis of platelet dysfunction may be obtained via point‐of‐care analyzers that use relatively small blood samples and have a quick turnaround time. Recent investigations may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PF disorders and potentially the optimization, or discovery, of novel treatments. Conclusions The assessment of PF can be completed through in vivo and in vitro point‐of‐care techniques as well as by submission of blood samples to more specialized platelet biology laboratories. The information obtained including the physical examination and clinical manifestations of a hemostatic disorder, as well as the benefits of each testing modality, must be known prior to the diagnostic investigation of a patient with a coagulopathy.

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Bleeding Disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Unilateral Subconjunctival and Retrobulbar Hemorrhage Secondary to Brodifacoum Toxicity in a Dog

Unilateral Subconjunctival and Retrobulbar Hemorrhage Secondary to Brodifacoum Toxicity in a Dog

Activated coagulation times in normal cats and dogs using MAX‐ACT^TM tubes

Assessment of platelet function

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Bleeding Disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Unilateral Subconjunctival and Retrobulbar Hemorrhage Secondary to Brodifacoum Toxicity in a Dog

Unilateral Subconjunctival and Retrobulbar Hemorrhage Secondary to Brodifacoum Toxicity in a Dog

Activated coagulation times in normal cats and dogs using MAX‐ACTTM tubes

Assessment of platelet function

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Activated coagulation times in normal cats and dogs using MAX‐ACT^TM tubes