Blast Physics and Central Nervous System Injury

Moore, David F.; Radovitzky, Raúl; Shupenko, Leslie; Klinoff, Andrew; Jaffee, Michael S.; Rosen, Joseph M.

doi:10.2217/14796708.3.3.243

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The Tait equation provides a reasonable representation of the volumetric response of soft tissues embedded in a fluid medium. The deviatoric elastic response σ e;dev was computed using the neoHookean model extended to the compressible range, in which the strain energy density is given by W ðCÞ ¼ λ 2 log 2 J − μ log J þ μ 2 ðI 1 − 3Þ; [3] where μ and λ are Lamé constants and I 1 is the first invariant of the right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor.…”

Section: The Dvbic/mit Full Head Model and Extensions Including Protementioning

confidence: 99%

“…computational models | personal protection equipment T he military context and societal consequences of blastinduced traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have been well documented (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The US Department of Defense has estimated that ∼130;000 servicemembers deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan have sustained a TBI while deployed, with ∼5% of servicemembers suffering residual symptoms (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

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In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

Nyein

Jason²,

Yu³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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Section: The Dvbic/mit Full Head Model and Extensions Including Protementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

Nyein

Jason²,

Yu³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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“…31 However, it remains unclear whether CSF cavitation occurs during these impact events and at what tensile pressures. In laboratory conditions and devoid of nucleation sites, the cavitation pressure of water (by stretching) ranged from 2100 kPa (aerated tap water) to 220 MPa (de-gassed distilled water).…”

Section: Brain Response To Blastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSF cavitation also occurred early in the simulation because of the inertial and deformational effects between the brain and skull, and not during the negative pressure phase of the blast as previously hypothesized. 31 CSF cavitation may also play a role in damaging deeper neural tissues. The periventricular tissues experienced higher levels of strain when CSF cavitation occurred in addition to the elevated levels of pressure from cavitation collapse.…”

Section: Brain Response To Blastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Finite Element Model for Blast Brain Injury and the Effects of CSF Cavitation

et al. 2012

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Blast-related traumatic brain injury is the most prevalent injury for combat personnel seen in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet as a research community,we still do not fully understand the detailed etiology and pathology of this injury. Finite element (FE) modeling is well suited for studying the mechanical response of the head and brain to blast loading. This paper details the development of a FE head and brain model for blast simulation by examining both the dilatational and deviatoric response of the brain as potential injury mechanisms. The levels of blast exposure simulated ranged from 50 to 1000 kPa peak incident overpressure and 1–8 ms in positive-phase duration, and were comparable to real-world blast events. The frontal portion of the brain had the highest pressures corresponding to the location of initial impact, and peak pressure attenuated by 40–60% as the wave propagated from the frontal to the occipital lobe. Predicted brain pressures were primarily dependent on the peak overpressure of the impinging blast wave, and the highest predicted brain pressures were 30%less than the reflected pressure at the surface of blast impact. Predicted shear strain was highest at the interface between the brain and the CSF. Strain magnitude was largely dependent on the impulse of the blast, and primarily caused by the radial coupling between the brain and deforming skull.The largest predicted strains were generally less than 10%,and occurred after the shock wave passed through the head.For blasts with high impulses, CSF cavitation had a large role in increasing strain levels in the cerebral cortex and periventricular tissues by decoupling the brain from the skull. Relating the results of this study with recent experimental blast testing suggest that a rate-dependent strain-based tissue injury mechanism is the source primary blast TBI.

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Head and brain response to blast using sagittal and transverse finite element models

Singh

Cronin

Haladuick

2013

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Mild traumatic brain injury caused by blast exposure from Improvised Explosive Devices has become increasingly prevalent in modern conflicts. To investigate head kinematics and brain tissue response in blast scenarios, two solid hexahedral blast-head models were developed in the sagittal and transverse planes. The models were coupled to an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian model of the surrounding air to model blast-head interaction, for three blast load cases (5 kg C4 at 3, 3.5 and 4 m). The models were validated using experimental kinematic data, where predicted accelerations were in good agreement with experimental tests, and intracranial pressure traces at four locations in the brain, where the models provided good predictions for frontal, temporal and parietal, but underpredicted pressures at the occipital location. Brain tissue response was investigated for the wide range of constitutive properties available. The models predicted relatively low peak principal brain tissue strains from 0.035 to 0.087; however, strain rates ranged from 225 to 571 s-1. Importantly, these models have allowed us to quantify expected strains and strain rates experienced in brain tissue, which can be used to guide future material characterization. These computationally efficient and predictive models can be used to evaluate protection and mitigation strategies in future analysis.

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Blast Physics and Central Nervous System Injury

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

In silico investigation of intracranial blast mitigation with relevance to military traumatic brain injury

Development of a Finite Element Model for Blast Brain Injury and the Effects of CSF Cavitation

Head and brain response to blast using sagittal and transverse finite element models

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