“…In recent years, 5 major proteomic technology platforms have been used: 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectroscopy, and protein arrays [94]. Proteomic studies reportedly have utility in TCC diagnosis [95][96][97], surveillance for recurrence [98,99], prediction of invasive behavior [100,101], and prediction of outcome [100,102].…”