Bladder cancer and human papillomavirus association: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background The possible association of human papillomavirus (HPV) and bladder cancer has been controversial. Older findings suggest a significant association between the virus and bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the data from the last ten years to estimate the prevalence of the virus in bladder cancer patients and to assess the association between the virus and cancer. Method A search of major databases was conducted to retrieve published English language studies between January 2011 and March 2021. In the present study overall prevalence of the virus in bladder cancer patients was estimated along with the prevalence of subgroups. Also, the possible associations between the prevalence of the virus and bladder cancer and the possible impact of variables in the geographical area and the type of sample were measured by comprehensive meta-analysis software (V2.2, BIOSTAT). Results Unlike previous studies, despite the relatively high prevalence of the virus [pooled prevalence: 14.3% (95% CI 8.9–22.2%)] no significant association was found between HPV and bladder cancer (OR 2.077, 95% CI 0.940–4.587). No significant association was found between geographical area (except Asia) and type of sample with bladder cancer. Conclusions Given the significant prevalence, despite the insignificance of the association between virus and cancer, it seems that more studies with case–control design are needed to elucidate this association.

Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review

“…Finally, our study showed a significant association between HPV and BCa (OR: 7.84), confirming the findings of recent meta-analyses on the risk of BCa [ 10 , 62 , 65 ]. However, these results are in contrast with a previous study published by Khatami et al [ 61 ], who described a non-significant association between infection and cancer and highlighted the scientific need of larger case-control studies. Although the majority of case-control studies were classified as “medium-quality”, controls showed a prevalence of infection <10%, regardless of HPV detection methods, suggesting the etiological role of HPV in BCa.…”

“…An overall HPV prevalence of 19% was found in 46 studies, in line with previous meta-analyses which reported a prevalence of 16.88% [ 10 ] and 14.3% [ 61 ]. Despite the growing number of reported studies, the role of HPV in cancers other than genital, anal, head, and neck cancers is still debated, due to the heterogeneity in the study design, population enrolled, and HPV detection methods [ 6 ].…”

BK and JC polyomaviruses and risk of urothelial bladder carcinoma: a preliminary study in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran

“…Over 90% of bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinoma, which are currently classified as urothelial bladder carcinoma, whereas 5% are squamous cell carcinoma and 2% are adenocarcinoma [ 1 ]. Cigarette smoking, prolonged use of antineoplastic drugs, arsenic in drinking water, occupational exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and ionizing radiation, genetic background, chronic cystitis, schistosomiasis, and some bacterial and viral infections are possible risk factors for bladder cancer [ 2 , 3 ]. Viral agents are responsible for 15–20% of all human cancers [ 2 ].…”

“…Cigarette smoking, prolonged use of antineoplastic drugs, arsenic in drinking water, occupational exposure to polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and ionizing radiation, genetic background, chronic cystitis, schistosomiasis, and some bacterial and viral infections are possible risk factors for bladder cancer [ 2 , 3 ]. Viral agents are responsible for 15–20% of all human cancers [ 2 ]. Among cancer-related viruses, BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCPyV) have been suggested as risk factors for the development of bladder cancer.…”

In vitro anti-gastrointestinal cancer activity of Toxocara canis-derived peptide: Analyzing the expression level of factors related to cell proliferation and tumor growth

“…Cancers are a worldwide life-threatening concern, which still imposes heavy health and economic impairment every year ( Jones and Baylin, 2007 ; Khatami et al, 2022 ). Approximately 20 million new cancerous cases and nearly 10 million deaths are reported annually ( Sung et al, 2021 ).…”