Blackwater treatment using vertical greening: Efficiency and microbial community structure

Jin, Zhan; Xie, Xiaoguang; Zhou, Jin; Bei, Ke; Zhang, Yejian; Huang, Xianfeng; Zhao, Min; Kong, Hainan; Zheng, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.176

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The removal efficiency significantly increased over time from 4.7% to 82.3% (| S | = 32), possibly due to a decreasing rate of release from the filter medium, an increase in temperature, and/or progressive biofilm growth. , This trend agrees with the literature findings where after an establishing phase COD removal performances increased up to 86% . On average, this study found 40.4% COD removal efficiency in GW columns (102.67 mg/h average removal rate), similar to the range of 46.0–49.3% in ref but lower than the values of 92.4% in ref , in which sampling started after 16 weeks, and 95% in ref . These results indicate a good efficiency for the removal of COD from GW, within the range observed in laboratory studies of green walls.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…9 The average output concentration (2.74 ± 0.25 mg/L) and removal efficiencies (−22% to 56.7%) are consistent with previous studies (1−2.6 mg/L and 35−72.6%, respectively, on average). 20,22,26,38 The E. coli average removal efficiency (Figure 7a) was excellent (98.9 ± 1.8% and 2.74 ± 1.55 log units) and significantly improved over time (|S| = 20), ensuring a very low average concentration in the output (25 MPN/100 mL) compared to that of another vegetated pot system with values of 2.72 × 10 3 MPN/100 mL 26 or 0.3−0.6 log unit. 23 Hence, a single modular panel reduced the E. coli concentration by ≤4 orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Treatment Performance of an Open-Air Green Wall Fed with Graywater under Winter Conditions

et al. 2020

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Graywater (GW), i.e., the portion of household wastewater that excludes toilet flushes, is an interesting wastewater type because it requires only mild treatment. Green walls have been proposed as example of a nature-based solution for GW treatment due to low energy requirement and high ecological/societal benefits; however, indications about their treatment performances remain limited. This work presents experimental results of a laboratory modular green wall for GW treatment. Experiments have been performed outdoors during the winter season for three months. Each panel included four vertical columns of planted pots, and it was fed with 100 L of synthetic GW per day. Removal efficiencies were as follows (average values): 40% chemical oxygen demand, 97% biochemical oxygen demand, 61% total Kjeldhal nitrogen, 56% NO3 –-N, 57% total phosphorus, 99% Escherichia coli, and 63% anionic surfactants. This work proved the potential of an open-air green wall for treating GW, even under challenging conditions for biological treatment processes and with high hydraulic loading rates.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Treatment Performance of an Open-Air Green Wall Fed with Graywater under Winter Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, the coverage values of all sequences were 98.88%–99.60% (Table 1), demonstrating that the sequencing results adequately represented the microbial composition of the samples (Jin et al, 2017). The total number of observed OTUs in the initial sludge sample was 1185, which was considerably larger than that of E1 to E4.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of carrier particle size on enrichment and shift in nitrifier community behaviors for treating increased strength wastewater

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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In activated sludge systems, adding carriers can improve nitrifier enrichment. Different attachment area induced by different particle sizes of carriers may result in different nitrifier community. This research investigated the effect of different particle sizes of coal ash on nitrifier enrichment treating increased strength wastewater. Results indicated efficient nitrifying coal ash was obtained with smaller coal ash. The ammonia removal rates reached over 98%, which outclassed that in negative control (63.28%), and no nitrite accumulated in these systems under high nitrogen concentration of 1123.35 mg N/L. The high‐throughput sequencing assays indicated carriers changed the microbial community structure significantly, thus facilitated the nitrification capacity. Increase abundance of nitrifier has a negative correlation with particle size of carriers. Nitrosomonas became the biggest beneficiary, which maximum composed 50.29% in fillers system and only 13.69% in negative control, whereas the number of Nitrobacter (less than 3.04%) became much lower than ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). However, the shift of microbial structures, large number of Dokdonella for instance, may guarantee the complete nitrification in systems with smaller carriers. Batch experiments showed a high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (4 mg/L) and slightly alkaline condition (pH 8.0) had a positive effect on nitrifying coal ash. Practitioner points The increase size of nitrifier has a negative correlation with particle size of coal ash. The smaller coal ash reduces the adverse effect of high nitrogen on nitrification. The ammonia removal rate reached 99.82% with influent of 1123.35 mg NH4+0.333333em- N/L in the smallest carriers system.

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“…Thus, blackwater treatment is recommended in order to avoid potential environmental and human health risks (Larsen et al, 2009). Some of the most common blackwater treatments used nowadays include aerobic and anaerobic biological processes and membrane bioreactors, among others (Chaggu et al, 2007;Luostarinen et al, 2007;Murat Hocaoglu et al, 2011;Jin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals in source separated sanitation systems: Fecal sludge and blackwater treatment

Gros

Ahrens

Levén

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Blackwater treatment using vertical greening: Efficiency and microbial community structure

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of the Treatment Performance of an Open-Air Green Wall Fed with Graywater under Winter Conditions

Assessment of the Treatment Performance of an Open-Air Green Wall Fed with Graywater under Winter Conditions

Effect of carrier particle size on enrichment and shift in nitrifier community behaviors for treating increased strength wastewater

Pharmaceuticals in source separated sanitation systems: Fecal sludge and blackwater treatment

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