Pharmaceuticals in source separated sanitation systems: Fecal sludge and blackwater treatment

Gros, Meritxell; Ahrens, Lutz; Levén, Lotta; Koch, Alina; Dalahmeh, Sahar; Ljung, Emilie; Lundin, Göran; Jönsson, Håkan; Eveborn, David; Wiberg, Karin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135530

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Caffeine is in some cases considered a concern to the environment due to its high concentrations (Deblonde et al 2011;Verlicchi and Zambello 2015). The initial concentrations of carbamazepine were also relatively high compared to what has been reported for wastewater and sludge (Martín et al 2015;Verlicchi and Zambello 2015); nevertheless, Gros et al (2020) reported higher concentrations in fecal sludge solids. Carbamazepine is a persistent, neutral compound that partitions to solids (Butkovskyi et al 2015;Min et al 2018;de Wilt et al 2018), which can explain a possible accumulation over time in fecal solids.…”

Section: Fate Of Pharmaceutical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals can be expected in fecal sludge from source-separated sanitation compared to conventional wastewater (Butkovskyi et al 2015;Gros et al 2020). Ibuprofen and caffeine were the compounds detected at highest concentrations, which reflects their high consumption in Norway.…”

Section: Fate Of Pharmaceutical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Caffeine has been identified as an easily degradable compound (Deblonde et al 2011;de Wilt et al 2018). In comparison between mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion, Gros et al (2020) demonstrated more efficient removal of atorvastatin in a thermophilic treatment.…”

Section: Fate Of Pharmaceutical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fecal sludge in those systems consists of mostly urine and feces and therefore is concentrated in a small, undiluted volume with high concentration of macro-and micronutrients, as well as organic matter, which can be valuable inputs to the surrounding agroecosystems. However, the fecal sludge is also associated with hazards as pathogens and micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals and other chemicals of emerging concern (Schönning et al 2007;Hester and Harrison 2016;de Oliveira et al 2020;Gros et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Small-scale on-site treatment of fecal matter: comparison of treatments for resource recovery and sanitization

Kelova

Ali

Eich‐Greatorex

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

On-site small-scale sanitation is common in rural areas and areas without infrastructure, but the treatment of the collected fecal matter can be inefficient and is seldom directed to resource recovery. The aim of this study was to compare low-technology solutions such as composting and lactic acid fermentation (LAF) followed by vermicomposting in terms of treatment efficiency, potential human and environmental risks, and stabilization of the material for reuse in agriculture. A specific and novel focus of the study was the fate of native pharmaceutical compounds in the fecal matter. Composting, with and without the addition of biochar, was monitored by temperature and CO2 production and compared with LAF. All treatments were run at three different ambient temperatures (7, 20, and 38°C) and followed by vermicomposting at room temperature. Materials resulting from composting and LAF were analyzed for fecal indicators, physicochemical characteristics, and residues of ten commonly used pharmaceuticals and compared to the initial substrate. Vermicomposting was used as secondary treatment and assessed by enumeration of Escherichia coli, worm density, and physicochemical characteristics. Composting at 38°C induced the highest microbial activity and resulted in better stability of the treated material, higher N content, lower numbers of fecal indicators, and less pharmaceutical compounds as compared to LAF. Even though analysis of pH after LAF suggested incomplete fermentation, E. coli cell numbers were significantly lower in all LAF treatments compared to composting at 7°C, and some of the anionic pharmaceutical compounds were detected in lower concentrations. The addition of approximately 5 vol % biochar to the composting did not yield significant differences in measured parameters. Vermicomposting further stabilized the material, and the treatments previously composted at 7°C and 20°C had the highest worm density. These results suggest that in small-scale decentralized sanitary facilities, the ambient temperatures can significantly influence the treatment and the options for safe reuse of the material.

show abstract

Section: Fate Of Pharmaceutical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Fate Of Pharmaceutical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Fate Of Pharmaceutical Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Small-scale on-site treatment of fecal matter: comparison of treatments for resource recovery and sanitization

Kelova

Ali

Eich‐Greatorex

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As emerging contaminants, CTP and MTP are not target pollutants in the waste water treatment plant (WWTP). The average CTP removal e ciency in WWTP was 25% (Gros et al, 2020), therefore the e uent concentration of CTP was still considered high (Kuzmanovic et al, 2015;Petrie et al, 2015). CTP and MTP are typical antidepressant drugs, widely used for the depression treatment (Cipriani et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Toxicity and Toxicity Persistence of Antidepressants Citalopram and Mirtazapine to Zooplankton Daphnia Magna

Dong

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Citalopram (CTP) and mirtazapine (MTP) are two typical psychoactive drugs used for the depression treatment. As emerging pollutants, CTP and MTP has been given widely concern because they are active substances for organisms. Therefore, the ecotoxicological risks of aquatic organisms should be paid more attention to. In this study, the effects of CTP and MTP on the feeding behavior, heartbeat, nutritional enzymes and related gene transcriptions of Daphnia magna were investigated under single and mixed environmental stress. Meanwhile, the recovery of exposed D. magna was studied to analyze the toxic persistence of those pollutants. After 24-hexposure, the ingestion rate decreased by 34.2% and 21.5%, in the group of C-H and Mix-H respectively. After 24-h recovery, the feeding behavior of D. magna was stimulated by compensatory stimulation. In exposure period, the heartbeat rate of D. magna increased by 132.3%, 69%, 111.9%, 139.4%, and 92.4%, in the group of C-L, C-H, M-L, M-H and Mix-L respectively, and was recovered during the recovery period. The activity of α-amylase (AMS) and trypsin were significantly changed in most of the exposed daphnia, both in the exposure period and recovery period. CTP/MTP exposure stimulated transcription of the α-amylase gene. M-H and Mix-H exposure inhibited transcription of the trypsin gene and other stimulated transcriptions. After 24-h recovery, the stimulative or inhibitory effects were alleviated. There were different responses between gene transcription and enzyme activity. In conclusion, our results highlighted the toxic effects of single and mixed pollution of CTP and MTP on feeding, heartbeat, enzymes and genes of D. magna.

show abstract

Sanitation Systems and Technology Options

Affam¹,

Ezechi

2021

Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pharmaceuticals in source separated sanitation systems: Fecal sludge and blackwater treatment

Cited by 28 publications

References 68 publications

Small-scale on-site treatment of fecal matter: comparison of treatments for resource recovery and sanitization

Small-scale on-site treatment of fecal matter: comparison of treatments for resource recovery and sanitization

Combined Toxicity and Toxicity Persistence of Antidepressants Citalopram and Mirtazapine to Zooplankton Daphnia Magna

Sanitation Systems and Technology Options

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About