Blackcurrants (<i>Ribes nigrum</i>): A Review on Chemistry, Processing, and Health Benefits

Cortez, Regina; Mejía, Elvira González de

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.14781

Cited by 89 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Grossulariaceae ) consists of 194 species, which are widespread in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Ribes nigrum L. is the Ribes species with the highest number of papers in the literature, showing potential to improve regulation of blood glucose and disease associate inflammation, thanks to the high levels of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins [ 60 ]. Ribes fasciculatum var.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Potential Benefits of Plants Producing Berries in Skin Disorders

et al. 2020

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During the last 30 years, berries have gained great attention as functional food against several risk factors in chronic diseases. The number of related publications on Pubmed rose from 1000 items in 1990 to more than 11,000 in 2019. Despite the fact that a common and clear definition of “berries” is not shared among different scientific areas, the phytochemical pattern of these fruits is mainly characterized by anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, and tannins, which showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in humans. Skin insults, like wounds, UV rays, and excessive inflammatory responses, may lead to chronic dermatological disorders, conditions often characterized by long-term treatments. The application of berries for skin protection is sustained by long traditional use, but many observations still require a clear pharmacological validation. This review summarizes the scientific evidence, published on EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scholar, to identify extraction methods, way of administration, dose, and mechanism of action of berries for potential dermatological treatments. Promising in vitro and in vivo evidence of Punica granatum L. and Vitis vinifera L. supports wound healing and photoprotection, while Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Vaccinium spp. showed clear immunomodulatory effects. Oral or topical administrations of these berries justify the evaluation of new translational studies to validate their efficacy in humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Potential Benefits of Plants Producing Berries in Skin Disorders

et al. 2020

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“…The health-promoting aspects of diets rich in natural berries have been discussed for quite some time. Most of these effects can be ascribed to the antioxidant activity of certain compounds that are usually found in natural berries in high concentrations [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. The role of antioxidants, especially of berry phenols, in the prevention and treatment of various diseases has been underlined even by the WHO [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effect of Natural Berry Juices on Common Oral Pathogenic Bacteria

et al. 2020

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(1) Background: Antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) are commonly used in oral plaque control. However, sometimes those agents lack antimicrobial efficiency or cause undesired side effects. To identify alternative anti-infective agents, the present study investigated the antibacterial activity of all-fruit juices derived from blackcurrant, redcurrant, cranberry and raspberry on common oral pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sobrinus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis). (2) Methods: Antibacterial efficiency was evaluated by agar diffusion assay and in direct contact with bacteria in planktonic culture. Furthermore, cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblasts was determined. (3) Results: Blackcurrant juice was most efficient at suppressing bacteria; followed by the activity of redcurrant and cranberry juice. Raspberry juice only suppressed P. gingivalis significantly. Only high-concentrated blackcurrant juice showed minimal cytotoxic effects which were significantly less compared to the action of CHX. (4) Conclusion: Extracts from natural berry juices might be used for safe and efficient suppression of oral pathogenic bacterial species.

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“…According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( ), the annual worldwide production of currants in 2018 was about 660,000 tons (almost all in Europe, nearly 90% in Eastern Europe), and the production of gooseberries surpassed 170,000 tons (almost all in Europe). Small fleshy fruits produced by numerous cultivars of the genus, especially blackcurrants, are considered an important source of health-promoting phytochemicals, possessing immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cancer prevention potential [ 2 , 3 ]. These valuable properties of blackcurrants are attributed mainly to high quantities of vitamin C (reaching over 350 mg/100 g fresh weight) and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins (reaching over 500 mg/100 g fresh weight) [ 2 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small fleshy fruits produced by numerous cultivars of the genus, especially blackcurrants, are considered an important source of health-promoting phytochemicals, possessing immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and cancer prevention potential [ 2 , 3 ]. These valuable properties of blackcurrants are attributed mainly to high quantities of vitamin C (reaching over 350 mg/100 g fresh weight) and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins (reaching over 500 mg/100 g fresh weight) [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Besides possessing strong antioxidant and other health-promoting qualities, anthocyanins are also the main components determining the color of berries, an important commercial feature [ 3 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Analysis of Anthocyanin Pathway Genes from Ribes Genus Reveals MYB Gene with Potent Anthocyanin-Inducing Capabilities

Starkevič

Ražanskienė

Starkevič

et al. 2020

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Horticultural crops of the Ribes genus are valued for their anthocyanin-rich fruits, but until now, there were no data about the genes and regulation of their flavonoid pathway. In this study, the coding sequences of flavonoid pathway enzymes and their putative regulators MYB10, bHLH3 and WD40 were isolated, and their expression analyzed in fruits with varying anthocyanin levels from different cultivars of four species belonging to the Ribes genus. Transcription levels of anthocyanin synthesis enzymes and the regulatory gene RrMYB10 correlated with fruit coloration and anthocyanin quantities of different Ribes cultivars. Regulatory genes were tested for the ability to modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis during transient expression in the leaves of two Nicotiana species and to activate Prunus avium promoters of late anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in N. tabacum. Functional tests showed a strong capability of RrMyb10 to induce anthocyanin synthesis in a heterologous system, even without the concurrent expression of any heterologous bHLH, whereas RrbHLH3 enhanced MYB-induced anthocyanin synthesis. Data obtained in this work facilitate further analysis of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway in key Ribes species, and potent anthocyanin inducer RrMyb10 can be used to manipulate anthocyanin expression in heterologous systems.

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Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum): A Review on Chemistry, Processing, and Health Benefits

Cited by 89 publications

References 57 publications

A Review of the Potential Benefits of Plants Producing Berries in Skin Disorders

A Review of the Potential Benefits of Plants Producing Berries in Skin Disorders

Antimicrobial Effect of Natural Berry Juices on Common Oral Pathogenic Bacteria

Isolation and Analysis of Anthocyanin Pathway Genes from Ribes Genus Reveals MYB Gene with Potent Anthocyanin-Inducing Capabilities

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