Black soldier fly larvae as a sustainable animal feed ingredient in Kenya

Chia, Shaphan Yong

doi:10.18174/502357

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(314 reference statements)

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“…The feed intake and feed costs were significantly higher for the CN diet than the other diets, and consequently, the economic feed conversion ratio of the CN diet was also the highest causing a higher break-even yield. This study confirms that the use of BSFL and CN as alternative sources of protein increases the profitability of fish farming, which concurs with the results of other studies that worked with fish (Mugo-Bundi et al, 2015;Ngugi et al, 2016;Onsongo et al, 2018;Chia, 2019;Shit, 2021;Wachira et al, 2021;Çetingül and Shah, 2022;Limbu et al, 2022). Interestingly, it has further been demonstrated that utilization of CN can effectively substitute up to 75% of fish meal without compromising growth performance, survival, nutrient utilization and economic benefits, however, when substitution was as high as 100%, the performances declined (Mugo-Bundi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Major protein source ingredients like soybean and fish meal are often of low quality, very expensive for smallholder fish farmers (Opiyo et al, 2018;, or imported from distant less sustainable sources (Chianu et al, 2008;Abro et al, 2020). In Kenya, many initiatives have recently been started to culture black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL), both at small and large scales (Chia, 2019). In most cases, the BSFL are cultured on locally available organic agricultural and food byproducts which otherwise are disposed in landfills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of black soldier fly larvae and freshwater shrimp to partly substitute commercial diet for Nile tilapia cultured in smallholder fish farms – A case study in Busia County, Kenya

Kals,

Opiyo,

Rurangwa

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Fish-farming in Kenya is challenged by the availability and high cost of feed ingredients, especially protein sources. Using black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) (BSFL) directly or indirectly as a feed ingredient to feed fish is interesting as they efficiently convert organic wastes into high-quality proteins. In addition, the freshwater shrimp (Caridina nilotica) (CN), an important by-catch of the silver cyprinid (Rastrineobola argentea) fisheries in Lake Victoria, could be another alternative protein source. Therefore, this study determined whether dried BSFL or dried CN could partly substitute the commercial diet when growing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a smallholder farm aggregated in an aquapark. The nutritional values and cost-effectiveness of the alternative feeding strategies were compared to commercial diet (CD) only. During an 84-day experimental period, Nile tilapia were fed one of the three feeding strategies, including the use of only the commercial diet, to be compared with diets replacing 20% of the commercial diet with BSFL or CN. The fish were fed to apparent satiation twice a day. At the end of the trial, biomass, the number of fish, growth, survival rate, total fish production, economic feed conversion rate and productivity per pond, were determined. As such, Body Weight (BW) was similar across feeding strategies (P > 0.05), measured 63.2 ± 3.9, 68.0 ± 7.4 and 68.0 ± 7.4 g for fish-fed diets with CD, BSFL and CN, respectively. Hence, nutritionally and from a production point of view, the three feeding strategies used in this study performed equally well. Notably, the use of BSFL led to a significantly higher economic return (P < 0.05) compared to the use of CN and commercial diet alone. The trials in this study demonstrate that BSFL and CN can be used to partly substitute commercial diet. In addition, the trial show that the use of BSFL to partly substitute the commercial diet can boost sustainable fish production in a smallholder farm set-up aggregated in an aquapark.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of black soldier fly larvae and freshwater shrimp to partly substitute commercial diet for Nile tilapia cultured in smallholder fish farms – A case study in Busia County, Kenya

Kals,

Opiyo,

Rurangwa

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…According to Holmes et al (2013), the pupation stage of BSF larvae was carried out without a substrate to reduce threats from the environment, which lasted the shortest time. However, the hatching rate from pupae to adults was lower than those using other substrates (i.e., sawdust, soil, humus, and sand) (Chia, 2019).…”

Section: B Larval Phasementioning

confidence: 69%

“…In the larval phase, BSF insects can be classified into 6 instars (Chia, 2019). Instar is a period of change or renewal of the larva's outer tissue (exoskeleton).…”

Section: Bsf Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioconversion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) on agricultural waste: Potential source of protein and lipid, the application (A mini-review)

Hidayat,

Anggarini,

Sabrina Sunyoto

et al. 2024

AFSSAAE

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Hermetia illucens, well-known as black soldier fly (BSF), is an insect easily found in subtropical and tropical regions. It contains high protein and lipids. BSF is known as one of the biological agents consuming organic components, thus having a high potential to overcome organic waste problems. BSF has promising advantages due to its long development time in the larval stage (compared to other flies) and its ability to self-separate from organic waste. BSF with large protein and lipid content can substitute the commonly used protein source in aquaculture, poultry and livestock compound diet formulation, which can be an option to overcome limited sources of future food and feed insecurity. This review analyses the latest study of bioconversion using BSF from the viewpoint of nutrient composition, degradation rate and biomass results from different feed treatments. Various feed and growth mediums have been studied to obtain high protein and lipid biomass. Hopefully, the information will provide new research directions and solutions for converting agro-industrial waste using bioconversion with BSF.

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“…The dry or wet BSFL can be harvested and fed to animals without further processing [ 10 ]. In addition, BSFL is considered not to be a pest or vector of any diseases and, therefore, does not cause any significant nuisance [ 11 ]. BSFL grease is a suitable raw material to produce biodiesel [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Discern Optimal Rearing Conditions for Improved Black Soldier Fly Farming

Muinde

Tanga

Olukuru

et al. 2023

Insects

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As the world population continues to grow, there is a need to come up with alternative sources of feed and food to combat the existing challenge of food insecurity across the globe. The use of insects, particularly the black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomydiae), as a source of feed stands out due to its sustainability and reliability. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have the ability to convert organic substrates to high-quality biomass rich in protein for animal feed. They can also produce biodiesel and bioplastic and have high biotechnological and medical potential. However, current BSFL production is low to meet the industry’s needs. This study used machine learning modeling approaches to discern optimal rearing conditions for improved BSF farming. The input variables studied include the cycle time in each rearing phase (i.e., the rearing period in each phase), feed formulation type, length of the beds (i.e, rearing platforms) at each phase, amount of young larvae added in the first phase, purity score (i.e, percentage of BSFL after separating from the substrate), feed depth, and the feeding rate. The output/target variable was the mass of wet larvae harvested (kg per meter) at the end of the rearing cycle. This data was trained on supervised machine learning algorithms. From the trained models, the random forest regressor presented the best root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.91 and an R-squared value of 80.9%, implying that the model can be used to effectively monitor and predict the expected weight of BSFL to be harvested at the end of the rearing process. The results established that the top five ranked important features that inform optimal production are the length of the beds, feed formulation used, the average number of young larvae loaded in each bed, feed depth, and cycle time. Therefore, in that priority, it is expected that tuning the mentioned parameters to fall within the required levels would result in an increased mass of BSFL harvest. These data science and machine learning techniques can be adopted to understand rearing conditions and optimize the production/farming of BSF as a source of feed for animals e.g., fish, pigs, poultry, etc. A high production of these animals guarantees more food for humans, thus reducing food insecurity.

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Black soldier fly larvae as a sustainable animal feed ingredient in Kenya

Cited by 3 publications

References 193 publications

Use of black soldier fly larvae and freshwater shrimp to partly substitute commercial diet for Nile tilapia cultured in smallholder fish farms – A case study in Busia County, Kenya

Use of black soldier fly larvae and freshwater shrimp to partly substitute commercial diet for Nile tilapia cultured in smallholder fish farms – A case study in Busia County, Kenya

Bioconversion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) on agricultural waste: Potential source of protein and lipid, the application (A mini-review)

Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Discern Optimal Rearing Conditions for Improved Black Soldier Fly Farming

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