Black Representation On City Councils

Karnig, Albert K.

doi:10.1177/107808747601200204

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The results of this study suggest that external pressure by the federal government and the size of the Navajo population as a percentage of the county population have had a positive affect on Navajo representation and changes in policy that benefit people on the reservation. In this regard, these findings closely mirror what we know about the experience of African Americans and Hispanics (Engstrom and McDonald 1982;Karnig and Welch 1982).…”

Section: Counties As Laboratories Of Democracysupporting

confidence: 85%

An Assessment of Research on American Counties

Benton

2005

Public Administration Review

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In a 1992 issue of this journal, 12 scholars proposed an ambitious research agenda for the study of the American county. By all accounts, this agenda was both a catalyst and a guide for those interested in the nature, role, functions, operations, and practical relevance of county governments to either continue their research or to launch new studies in this underresearched area. The present article provides a detailed inventory of the research that has been conducted in the eight areas identified in the 1992 agenda. Specifically, which research questions have or have not been addressed satisfactorily? Such an exercise is a logical prerequisite for charting a path for future research on counties; it represents a synthesis of scholarly needs for theory building, hypothesis testing, and cumulative research and the dynamic and enduring knowledge-base needs of county practitioners and elected officials.

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Section: Counties As Laboratories Of Democracysupporting

confidence: 85%

An Assessment of Research on American Counties

Benton

2005

Public Administration Review

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“…Black candidates do better in cities with greater levels of black economic development (Karnig, 1976;Marshall and Meyer, 1975). Indeed, Wolfinger (1965) has argued that middle class status is a prerequisite for ethnic community success in electing its members to office.…”

Section: Business and Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Sources of Electoral Support for Black and White City Council Members

Welch

Bledsoe

1985

Journal of Urban Affairs

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Using data from a random national sample of nearly 1,000 members of city councils, the authors analyze racial differences in the perceptions that city council members have of which groups supported them in their election campaigns. On the whole, racialdifferences in these perceptions were few. Black incumbent council members receive more support than black non-incumbents, but even members of the latter group perceive a similar amount of group support as do white council candidates. A variety of explanations for these findings is discussed.The recent increase in the numbers of blacks elected to urban public office is a phenomenon that has been closely examined. While extensive attention has been given to the effect of political structure on the success of blacks in winning council seats, there have been fewer analyses of the political resources that blacks have in their quest for office. To what extent, if any, are blacks disadvantaged relative to whites in receiving support from major urban interest groups? T o answer this, we will compare black and white council candidates as to their perceived sources of political support from several urban groups such as business, labor, political parties, and neighborhood and ethnic groups. PREVIOUS FINDINGSPrevious research has examined the aggregate potential political resources provided to black candidates by the size, education, and income resources of the black population, and by the numbers of black businesses, black media outlets, and black civil rights organizations in the community (cf.

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“…Specifically, suppose that 25 Notice that the theoretical restriction π < 0.5 is satisfied in the data, as more than 90 percent of cities are below π = 0.361 for the whole sample of American cities and below π = 0.433 for the South. 26 The same specification is also employed for SD. However in that case we assume a logistic distribution of η.…”

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confidence: 99%

Choosing Electoral Rules: Theory and Evidence from US Cities

Aghion

Alesina

2005

SSRN Journal

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This paper studies the choice of electoral rules, in particular, the question of minority representation.Majorities tend to disenfranchise minorities through strategic manipulation of electoral rules. With the aim of explaining changes in electoral rules adopted by US cities (particularly in the South), we show why majorities tend to adopt "winner-take-all" city-wide rules (at-large elections) in response to an increase in the size of the minority when the minority they are facing is relatively small. In this case, for the majority it is more effective to leverage on its sheer size instead of risking to concede representation to voters from minority-elected districts. However, as the minority becomes larger (closer to a fifty-fifty split), the possibility of losing the whole city induces the majority to prefer minority votes to be confined in minority-packed districts. Single-member district rules serve this purpose. We show empirical results consistent with these implications of the model.

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Black Representation On City Councils

Cited by 78 publications

References 25 publications

An Assessment of Research on American Counties

An Assessment of Research on American Counties

Perceived Sources of Electoral Support for Black and White City Council Members

Choosing Electoral Rules: Theory and Evidence from US Cities

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