Black carbon in estuarine and coastal ocean dissolved organic matter

Mannino, Antonio; Harvey, H. Rodger

doi:10.4319/lo.2004.49.3.0735

Cited by 131 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, the summer WDOM to DOC relationships for the Delaware Bay mouth and nearby plume station differ from the MAB relationship (data not shown). This may be due dissimilarities in source inputs, particularly anthropogenic contributions to Delaware Bay DOM from highly absorbing petroleum hydrocarbons (Mannino and Harvey 1999) and black carbon (Mannino and Harvey 2004). Our results show that at least two seasonal algorithms (fall-winterspring and summer) are required to retrieve DOC from MODIS and SeaWiFS in the MAB due to seasonal variability in the W D~M to DOC relationship caused by the accumulation of primarily non-chromophoric DOC from net ecosystem production (NEP) and the concomitant loss of CDOM through sunlight-induced photooxidation between late spring to early fall.…”

Section: Cdom To Doc Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algorithm development and validation for satellite‐derived distributions of DOC and CDOM in the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight

Mannino¹,

Russ²,

Hooker³

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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255

240

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Carbon is the basic building block of life, and the carbon cycle represents the cycle of all living organisms. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants on land or algae living in lakes and oceans take up carbon dioxide and convert this into living organic products (such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc.). Through the process of respiration, organisms break down these organic compounds for energy, metabolizing them into various forms of chemical energy and regenerating the carbon dioxide. The level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere plays an important role in earth's climate through the "greenhouse effect". Therefore, understanding the carbon cycle provides insight about life on earth as well as its role in climate change. The carbon component of interest here is dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which comprises >97% of the organic carbon in the ocean. The dissolved organic carbon in the coastal ocean originates from many sources, including land plant debris and pollution transported by rivers and material excreted from algae and other living organisms in the ocean. Our objective in this study was to quantify DOC from space through the portion of DOC that can be seen by satellite sensorscolored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The substance that leaches from tea bags is an example of CDOM. Satellite instruments used to study ocean biology do not measure ocean constituents directly, but rather measure light leaving the ocean at multiple wavelengths (blue, green, red, etc.), which can be used to derive the concentration of ocean constituents, including chlorophyll and CDOM. In fact, the presence of high levels of CDOM in coastal waters reduces the accuracy of satellite chlorophyll measurements.We 'conducted multiple expeditionswithin the coastal ocean region along the U.S. MidAtlantic to collect measurements of DOC, CDOM, and light leaving the ocean to develop relationships to compute CDOM and DOC from NASA's MODIS and SeaWiFS satellite sensors. We also evaluated the accuracy of the satellite measurements through comparisons with independent measurements collected at sea. Our results demonstrate that the accuracies of satellite-derived measurements are within 9% for DOC and 20% for CDOM for our coastal ocean study region. These results compare very well with the 33% accuracy for satellite estimates of ocean chlorophyll globally. This study represents the first successful and verified satellite measurements of dissolved organic carbon and colored dissolved organic matter in the coastal ocean. These new satellite products can be applied to study coastal ocean processes such as the export of DOC from land to the ocean, the summer accumulation of DOC from algae and other organisms, and the summer bleaching of CDOM by sunlight. We can apply these satellite observations to investigate interannual and decadal-scale variability in surface ocean CDOM and DOC within coastal waters and monitor impacts of climate change and human activities on coastal ecosystems.https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080040698 2019-03-2...

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Section: Cdom To Doc Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algorithm development and validation for satellite‐derived distributions of DOC and CDOM in the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight

Mannino¹,

Russ²,

Hooker³

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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255

240

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“…Previous research noted that submicron particles in rivers contained chemical and isotopic similarities to black carbon [42]. A study directly assessing the black carbon and black carbon-like materials in riverine, coastal, and open ocean DOC estimated that black carbon could constitute up to 5% of DOC [43]. Soluble microbial materials have the ability to sorb trace organic contaminants.…”

Section: Association Of Edcs With Poc and Docmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals with total organic carbon in riverine water and suspended particulate matter from the Pearl River, China

Gong

Ran

Chen

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The distribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and its relationship with dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) was investigated in selected rivers of the Pearl River Delta, South China. The aqueous concentrations (average; ng/L) and particulate concentrations (average; ng/g, dry wt) for 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), 4-nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA), and estrone (E1) were in the ranges of not detectable to 153 (31.8), 276 to 2,457 (1,178), 8.4 to 628 (161), and less than 1.5 to 11.5 (3.2), respectively, and 4.4 to 402 (98.1), 342 to 12,053 (4,922), 12.3 to 758 (128), and not detectable to 14.4, respectively. The highly significant correlation of EDCs with DOC and POC, and the similar regression slopes, implied the critical importance of DOC and POC on the distribution, transport, and fate of EDCs in the aquatic environment. The in situ particle-water partition coefficients (log K OC ) for OP (4.89 AE 0.41), NP (5.05 AE 0.33), and BPA (4.34 AE 0.50) were close to those reported by other field studies, but one to two orders of magnitude higher than those predicted with n-octanol-water partition coefficient (K OW ). The higher K OC values were attributed to the combined effects of low EDC concentrations, nonlinear sorption, and heterogeneity of POC and DOC. Moreover, a regression between in-situ K OC and K OW for phenolic xenoestrogens was observed (log K OC ¼ 0.625 Â log K OW þ 2.28, r 2 ¼ 0.99), suggesting that hydrophobicity contributed predominantly to the overall sorption of OP, NP, and BPA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:245631: -246431: . # 2012

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“…BC also is hypothesized to be a long term carbon sink (Masiello and Druffel, 1998;Dai et al, 2005;Kuhlbusch and Crutzen, 1995), because its structure is composed of condensed aromatic rings making it stable and resistant to biological degradation (Goldberg, 1985;Forbes et al, 2006). After a fire, large amounts of charcoal in soils are oxidized and transported to river sheds (Myers-Pigg et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2004;Hockaday et al, 2007;Mannino and Harvey, 2004;Preston and Schmidt, 2006). BC is transported to the ocean by rivers, and is ubiquitous in the water column and sediments (Jaffe et al, 2013;Dittmar and Paeng, 2009;Ziolkowski and Druffel, 2010;Masiello and Druffel, 1998;Coppola et al, 2014;Middelburg et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid phase extraction method for the study of black carbon cycling in dissolved organic carbon using radiocarbon

2015

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oRadiocarbon analysis is a powerful tool for understanding the cycling of individual components within carbon pools, such as black carbon (BC) in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Radiocarbon (Δ 14 C) measurements of BC in DOC provide insight into one source of aged, recalcitrant DOC. We report a modified solid phase extraction (SPE) method to concentrate 43 ± 6% of DOC (SPE-DOC) from seawater. We used the Benzene Polycarboxylic Acid (BPCA) method to isolate BC from SPE-DOC (SPE-BC) for subsequent 14 C analysis. We report SPE-BC Δ 14 C values, SPE-BC concentrations, and the relative BPCA distributions from Milli-Q water process blanks, two riverine reference standards, as well as a coastal and an open ocean surface water sample. The composition of BC is less aromatic in the ocean samples than those in the river standards. We find higher BC Δ 14 C values in the river standards (+148 to −462‰) than BC in the ocean samples (−592 to −712‰), suggesting that BC ages within oceanic DOC. We report that BC is 4.2 ± 1.0% of SPE-DOC in the open ocean surface sample, or 1.4 ± 0.1 μM C. This work provides the methodological basis by which global BC concentrations, compositions (e.g. relative abundances of BPCA marker compounds) and Δ 14C values can be assessed.

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Black carbon in estuarine and coastal ocean dissolved organic matter

Cited by 131 publications

References 25 publications

Algorithm development and validation for satellite‐derived distributions of DOC and CDOM in the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight

Algorithm development and validation for satellite‐derived distributions of DOC and CDOM in the U.S. Middle Atlantic Bight

Association of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals with total organic carbon in riverine water and suspended particulate matter from the Pearl River, China

Solid phase extraction method for the study of black carbon cycling in dissolved organic carbon using radiocarbon

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