Black carbon concentration and deposition estimations in Finland by the regional aerosol–climate model REMO-HAM

Hienola, Anca; Pietikäinen, Joni-Pekka; Jacob, Daniela; Pozdun, R.; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; Hyvärinen, Antti; Sogacheva, Larisa; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti; Kulmala, Markku; Laaksonen, A.

doi:10.5194/acp-13-4033-2013

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…It is possible that the sulfuric acid concentrations are too low. This is supported by the earlier study on black carbon concentration over Finland by Hienola et al (2013), who reported deficiencies in the used emission database. Although the analysis in their study was done for black carbon, the database could also have similar problems for other species, such as SO 2 .…”

Section: Years 2003 and 2004supporting

confidence: 71%

Analysis of nucleation events in the European boundary layer using the regional aerosol–climate model REMO-HAM with a solar radiation-driven OH-proxy

et al. 2014

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Abstract. This work describes improvements in the regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM in order to simulate more realistically the process of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). A new scheme was implemented to simulate OH radical concentrations using a proxy approach based on observations and also accounting for the effects of clouds upon OH concentrations. Second, the nucleation rate calculation was modified to directly simulate the formation rates of 3 nm particles, which removes some unnecessary steps in the formation rate calculations used earlier in the model. Using the updated model version, NPF over Europe was simulated for the periods 2003-2004 and 2008-2009. The statistics of the simulated particle formation events were subsequently compared to observations from 13 ground-based measurement sites. The new model shows improved agreement with the observed NPF rates compared to former versions and can simulate the event statistics realistically for most parts of Europe.

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Section: Years 2003 and 2004supporting

confidence: 71%

Analysis of nucleation events in the European boundary layer using the regional aerosol–climate model REMO-HAM with a solar radiation-driven OH-proxy

et al. 2014

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“…For the simulations, we follow the approach of Hienola et al (2013), but with changes to the emission inventory: (Klimont et al, 2016(Klimont et al, , 2017. We also updated other emissions modules (wildfire, aviation, and shipping) following the approaches presented in Pietikäinen et al (2015).…”

Section: Atmospheric Deposition Of Black Carbon From the Remo-ham Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling hydrologic impacts of light absorbing aerosol deposition on snow at the catchment scale

Matt

Burkhart

Pietikäinen

2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Light absorbing impurities in snow and ice (LAISI) originating from atmospheric deposition enhance snowmelt by increasing the absorption of shortwave radiation. The consequences are a shortening of the snow duration due to increased snowmelt and, at the catchment scale, a temporal shift in the discharge generation during the spring melt season.In this study, we present a newly developed snow algorithm for application in hydrological models that allows for an additional class of input variable: the deposition mass flux of various species of light absorbing aerosols. To show the sensitivity of different model parameters, we first use the model as a 1-D point model forced with representative synthetic data and investigate the impact of parameters and variables specific to the algorithm determining the effect of LAISI. We then demonstrate the significance of the radiative forcing by simulating the effect of black carbon (BC) deposited on snow of a remote southern Norwegian catchment over a 6-year period, from September 2006 to August 2012. Our simulations suggest a significant impact of BC in snow on the hydrological cycle. Results show an average increase in discharge of 2.5, 9.9, and 21.4 %, depending on the applied model scenario, over a 2-month period during the spring melt season compared to simulations where radiative forcing from LAISI is not considered. The increase in discharge is followed by a decrease in discharge due to a faster decrease in the catchment's snow-covered fraction and a trend towards earlier melt in the scenarios where radiative forcing from LAISI is applied. Using a reasonable estimate of critical model parameters, the model simulates realistic BC mixing ratios in surface snow with a strong annual cycle, showing increasing surface BC mixing ratios during spring melt as a consequence of melt amplification. However, we further identify large uncertainties in the representation of the surface BC mixing ratio during snowmelt and the subsequent consequences for the snowpack evolution.

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“…5.10 in Quinn et al, 2011). Hienola et al (2013) showed evidence for the underestimation of BC emissions from biofuel burning in high-latitude Europe. Most other studies, however, suggest that wet scavenging parameterizations used in the models cause the model problems (e.g., Bourgeois and Bey, 2011;Liu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions

et al. 2013

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Arctic haze is a seasonal phenomenon with high concentrations of accumulation-mode aerosols occurring in the Arctic in winter and early spring. Chemistry transport models and climate chemistry models struggle to reproduce this phenomenon, and this has recently prompted changes in aerosol removal schemes to remedy the modeling problems. In this paper, we show that shortcomings in current emission data sets are at least as important. We perform a 3 yr model simulation of black carbon (BC) with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. The model is driven with a new emission data set ("ECLIPSE emissions") which includes emissions from gas flaring. While gas flaring is estimated to contribute less than 3% of global BC emissions in this data set, flaring dominates the estimated BC emissions in the Arctic (north of 66° N). Putting these emissions into our model, we find that flaring contributes 42% to the annual mean BC surface concentrations in the Arctic. In March, flaring even accounts for 52% of all Arctic BC near the surface. Most of the flaring BC remains close to the surface in the Arctic, so that the flaring contribution to BC in the middle and upper troposphere is small. Another important factor determining simulated BC concentrations is the seasonal variation of BC emissions from residential combustion (often also called domestic combustion, which is used synonymously in this paper). We have calculated daily residential combustion emissions using the heating degree day (HDD) concept based on ambient air temperature and compare results from model simulations using emissions with daily, monthly and annual time resolution. In January, the Arctic-mean surface concentrations of BC due to residential combustion emissions are 150% higher when using daily emissions than when using annually constant emissions. While there are concentration reductions in summer, they are smaller than the winter increases, leading to a systematic increase of annual mean Arctic BC surface concentrations due to residential combustion by 68% when using daily emissions. A large part (93%) of this systematic increase can be captured also when using monthly emissions; the increase is compensated by a decreased BC burden at lower latitudes. In a comparison with BC measurements at six Arctic stations, we find that using daily-varying residential combustion emissions and introducing gas flaring emissions leads to large improvements of the simulated Arctic BC, both in terms of mean concentration levels and simulated seasonality. Case studies based on BC and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements from the Zeppelin observatory appear to confirm flaring as an important BC source that can produce pollution plumes in the Arctic with a high BC / CO enhancement ratio, as expected for this source type. BC measurements taken during a research ship cruise in the White, Barents and Kara seas north of the region with strong flaring emissions reveal very high concentrations of the order of 200–400 ng m⁻³. The model underestimates these concentr...

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Black carbon concentration and deposition estimations in Finland by the regional aerosol–climate model REMO-HAM

Cited by 29 publications

References 83 publications

Analysis of nucleation events in the European boundary layer using the regional aerosol–climate model REMO-HAM with a solar radiation-driven OH-proxy

Analysis of nucleation events in the European boundary layer using the regional aerosol–climate model REMO-HAM with a solar radiation-driven OH-proxy

Modelling hydrologic impacts of light absorbing aerosol deposition on snow at the catchment scale

Black carbon in the Arctic: the underestimated role of gas flaring and residential combustion emissions

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