Black Africans’ Freedom Litigation Suits to Define Just War and Just Slavery in the Early Spanish Empire

Ireton, Chloe

doi:10.1017/rqx.2020.219

Cited by 54 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…El deseo que Juliana manifiesta de regresar a Perú forma parte del movimiento de libertos que hubo entre la Península Ibérica y América (Ireton, 2020;Lobo Cabrera, 1985. La movilidad de esclavos y libertos fue más amplia de lo que tradicionalmente se ha considerado, si bien sus protagonistas sufrieron frecuentes problemas por estar marcados o ser de piel oscura, y de forma idéntica a como pasaba en la península.…”

Section: Las Alhorrías Condicionadas Las Esclavas Presentes En El Agr...unclassified

“…Podía recurrirse a la justicia para reclamar la libertad en caso de haber sido injustamente esclavizado, y ello sucedió no sólo entre los moriscos, sino también entre los indios americanos, los de la «India de Portugal» e incluso entre los negro-africanos y mulatos que habían sido liberados previamente y tenían que enfrentarse a sus antiguos amos o a los familiares de éstos que pretendían negar su condición de libres (van Deusen, 2015;Revilla Orías, 2021;Ferreira, 2021). Esto, afectó a los indios de varias latitudes en América, generándose una amplia discusión sobre los límites y justificación de la esclavitud en las esferas teológica, jurídica y política (Ireton, 2020;Pérez García, 2022).…”

Section: Las Alhorrías Pagadasunclassified

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Amas, Esclavas Y Libertad en Sevilla, 1512-1600

Fernández Chaves

2023

Ohm

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En este trabajo se aborda el acceso de las esclavas a la libertad a través del estudio de una muestra de cartas de alhorría dadas en la ciudad de Sevilla entre los años 1512 y 1600. El objetivo es conocer, por un lado, el estado y el comportamiento de las dueñas de esclavas a la hora de liberar a las mujeres esclavizadas bajo su dominio, y por otro, saber qué tipo de esclavas (color, origen cultural) y a qué edades alcanzaban la libertad. Para ello estudiamos las alhorrías distinguiendo entre las que fueron otorgadas sin condiciones, las que sí las tuvieron y las que se concedieron previo pago de una cantidad de dinero. Se pretende entender qué motivaciones llevaron a conceder la libertad, quienes fueron sus protagonistas (amas y esclavas), y qué lógicas económicas y culturales afloran en esta documentación, prestando una especial atención a la maternidad, a la presencia en la larga duración de las esclavas en la casa y al servicio de las amas, y a las relaciones sociales, familiares y económicas establecidas entre unas y otras.

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Section: Las Alhorrías Condicionadas Las Esclavas Presentes En El Agr...unclassified

Section: Las Alhorrías Pagadasunclassified

Amas, Esclavas Y Libertad en Sevilla, 1512-1600

Fernández Chaves

2023

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“…Since the work of scholars such as Kate Lowe and Thomas Earle, there has been increasing attention to the presence of Africans in Europe (Lowe, 2013; Lowe & Earle, 2005). A large body of work now exists which addresses Spanish and Portuguese encounters with Africans (Fracchia, 2019; Ireton, 2017, 2020; Saunders, 1982). Important work from within Spain has done much to illuminate the daily life and world of communities of captive and free Black people, as well as other ethnic and religious minorities, both in the Iberian peninsula and in the Americas (Carerra, 2003; Earle, 2012; Herzog, 2015; Niremberg, 2014).…”

Section: Historiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐writing race in early modern European medicine

Murphy

2021

History Compass

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This short article explores the role of medical practitioners from across Europe in the practice of slavery and in the making of early modern race. Medical practitioners were present from the earliest moments of European encounters with African slavery. As the slave trade developed, their participation developed and became more formal. From their role on board ship, to their bureaucratic role in the process of inspecting enslaved peoples, to their practices within colonial administration, the nascent arena of the slave trade depended on a transnational network of medical practitioners. The politics of their expertise linked the practice of slavery with the production of scientific ideas about race. Drawing together the current literature along two lines of theory and practice, I suggest that the construction of the slave trade relied on thousands of such medical encounters. Examining this process reveals a history of enslavement and race as intimate practices, defined in a case‐by‐case manner, by people, rather than systems. Ultimately, I suggest that thinking about medicine and slavery through categories of knowledge and practice provides insight into the intimate and embodied way in which racial categories of difference were constructed.

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“…Within ecclesiastical courts, enslaved people sued for rights associated with the sacraments (baptism and marriage in particular). For instance, in the 16th century, some sued for being unjustly enslaved given that they were 'Christianized Guineans' and only enemies of the faith could be enslaved (Ireton, 2020). Or they sued for the freedom of a child whose manumission they had purchased at the baptismal fount but who was later re-enslaved (McKinley, 2016;Proctor III, 2010).…”

Section: Manumission In Legislation and In Custommentioning

confidence: 99%

Manumission, custom, and the laws of slavery and freedom in Latin America

Chira

2020

History Compass

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At the turn of the 19th century, across most regions of Latin America, free people of color outnumbered the enslaved. Even in the Western Hemisphere's last societies to abolish slavery, Cuba and Brazil, the only exceptions to this pattern, the size of the free population of color in some regions increased throughout the 1800s. This demographic sector emerged and expanded primarily through manumission. This article examines recent scholarly attention to freedom litigation which has shown manumission's deep entanglements in custom, unwritten negotiations between enslavers and enslaved. Customary arrangements for manumission took a variety of local forms that courts often recognized even when they misaligned with written law. Custom's privileged status within the Iberian‐Atlantic legal regime and a fragmented local elite that could not control it placed some power in the hands of enslaved people in some areas of Latin America. Moreover, through its orality and embedding in local social relations, custom also offered a low entry point into the justice system for subaltern sectors. In Latin America, the Age of Emancipation was not just a time of conflict over liberalism's potential to free enslaved people. It was also an age of conflict over custom's liberatory capacity, and as such, an age of popular legalism.

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Black Africans’ Freedom Litigation Suits to Define Just War and Just Slavery in the Early Spanish Empire

Cited by 54 publications

References 52 publications

Amas, Esclavas Y Libertad en Sevilla, 1512-1600

Amas, Esclavas Y Libertad en Sevilla, 1512-1600

Re‐writing race in early modern European medicine

Manumission, custom, and the laws of slavery and freedom in Latin America

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