Bitterness Evaluation of Medicines for Pediatric Use by a Taste Sensor

Quality of Twelve Clarithromycin Dry Syrup Formulations-Bitterness, Grittiness and Uniformity of Drug Loading

“…After suspension in water for 30 s, the bitterness intensities of all formulations except E were below the bitterness threshold (t1). 10) Formulations A, B, and I scored almost 0 for bitterness, while the bitterness intensity of E exceeded the bitterness threshold (t1). After suspension in water for 5 min, the bitterness intensity of five 1390 Vol.…”

“…Therefore the five formulations D, E, G, H, and L, were considered to be 'bitter formulations'. When suspended in an acidic sports drink, the bitterness of formulations other than B and I reached saturation level (t4) 10) 30 s after suspension. The bitterness of formulation I reached saturation level (t4) after 5 min.…”

Evaluation of Bitterness Suppression of Macrolide Dry Syrups by Jellies

“…Co-administration of any acid drink, such as orange juice, with the dry syrup will make the product taste more bitter, because macrolides are basic drugs. 13,14) In order to examine whether the pH of the jelly affects the bitterness-suppressing effect, the pH of the jelly alone, the pH of a mixture of dry syrup and jelly, and the concentration of drug in the solution extracted from the mixture of dry syrup and jelly, were measured as follows:…”

“…The usefulness of the taste sensor in predicting the bitterness of these antibiotic mixtures was confirmed. [11][12][13][14] In the present study, we evaluated bitterness suppression of dry syrups containing the macrolides clarithromycin (CAM) or azithromycin (AZM), both of which are extremely bitter, by the addition of jellies, using gustatory sensation tests and the taste sensor. The concentrations of CAM and AZM in solutions extracted from physical mixtures of dry syrup and jelly were determined by HPLC.…”

Traditional Human Taste Panel and Taste Sensors Methods for Bitter Taste Masking Research on Combined Bitterness Suppressants of Berberine Hydrochloride

“…Such empirical testing generally uses traditional human taste panel method (THTPM), but this is not ideal (14)(15)(16) because it is costly, time-consuming, and prone to bias and human error. (17) It is also quite dangerous and unethical for humans to consume an unprescribed active pharmaceutical ingredient.…”