Evaluation of Bitterness Suppression of Macrolide Dry Syrups by Jellies

Independent comparison study of six different electronic tongues applied for pharmaceutical analysis

“…Since then, multichannel taste sensor that later became a fundamental part of commercial taste sensing system by Insent had been used for quantification of basic taste sensations in large variety of samples [2][3][4]. Various studies were devoted to the application of different versions of e-tongues for the assessment of taste in pharmaceutical samples [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. A variety of sensors and sensor systems were developed and applied in these research efforts, based on both, commercial [5,6,9,10,[13][14][15] or laboratory instrumentation [7,8,11,16].…”

“…Most of these reports are focused on the development of new drug formulations by choosing appropriate taste masking strategies. Besides, original and generic products were compared [12,13], products modified with commercially available beverages or jellies characterized [14,15], the effect of micro encapsula-tion [16] or oral film formulations [17] on taste-masking efficacy assessed and stability and dose uniformity studies [18] presented. In a recent study, the capability of HPLC and e-tongue analysis was compared with human taste panels regarding taste assessment and the applied e-tongue was proven to be even more sensitive than the human taste panels [19].…”

Impedance e-tongue instrument for rapid liquid assessment

“…Flávio P. A. Cabral, 1 Bruno B. Bergamo, 2 Cleber A. R. Dantas, 2 A. Riul, Jr, 3 and José A. Giacometti 2 We present a compact and easy to handle instrument developed to perform rapid analysis of liquids utilizing an "electronic tongue" system. Briefly, the e-tongue used here is based on impedance measurements of an array of sensing units fabricated with ultrathin films of different materials deposited onto gold interdigitated electrodes.…”

“…Additionally, there is a user-friendly software interface for instrument control, allowing the statistical correlation of samples using principal component analysis. The artificial tongue concept is based on the application of an array of nonspecific sensors with wide sensitivity toward several media components ͑broad cross sensitivity͒, largely employed in the analysis of tastants, 1 medicines, 2,3 foodstuffs, [4][5][6] and pollutants. 7,8 The impedance-sensing units made from ultrathin films physically interact with analytes in solution according to their electrical nature, providing a fingerprint of the solution similar to the global selectivity concept in the human tongue.…”

Quality of Twelve Clarithromycin Dry Syrup Formulations-Bitterness, Grittiness and Uniformity of Drug Loading

“…Not only the bitterness but also the grittiness of CAMDS is important in determining the palatability of CAMDS, while the uniformity of drug loading also seems to be important, as dry syrup formulations require elaborate taste-masking techniques. Many studies have been conducted with the aim of improving patient compliance for CAMDS, [4][5][6][7] but these studies have only been performed on the branded product.…”