“…Moreover, the formation of such shallow junctions becomes a serious concern with 3-dimensional (3D) multi-stacking integration due to the large thermal budget required. For this reason, a "junction-free transistor" based on junction-free virtual S/D for NAND Flash memory was previously reported, and the concept was applied to other types of 3D integrated Flash memory such as Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) memory (Tanaka et al, 2007), Vertical-Stacked-Array-Transistor (VSAT) memory (Kim et al, 2009), and Terabit Cell Array Transistor (TCAT) memory (Jang et al, 2009), among others (Hubert et al, 2009). However, it can be expected that current flowing through a string of NAND Flash memory will be significantly degraded by pre-existing high resistance regions, i.e., undoped source/drain (S/D) regions, despite that these regions can be transformed into low 191 resistance regions via an inversion process by fringing the field from the gate.…”