Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes

Rochester, Johanna R.; Bolden, Ashley L.

doi:10.1289/ehp.1408989

Cited by 1,164 publications

(727 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Bisphenol S (BPS) and Bisphenol F (BPF) are the main substitutes of BPA 168. They were considered “safer” alternatives to BPA due to their stability against high temperature and resistance to sunlight 169.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer

2016

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Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the world and the second most common fatal cancer in women. Epidemiological studies and clinical data have indicated that hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, play important roles in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly used and thoroughly studied endocrine disruptors. It can be released from consumer products and deposited in the environment, thus creating potential for human exposure through oral, inhaled, and dermal routes. Some recent reviews have summarized the known mechanisms of endocrine disruptions by BPA in human diseases, including obesity, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. However, large knowledge gaps still exist on the roles BPA may play in cancer initiation and development. Evidence from animal and in vitro studies has suggested an association between increased incidence of breast cancer and BPA exposure at doses below the safe reference doses that are the most environmentally relevant. Most current studies have paid little attention to the cancer‐promoting properties of BPA at low doses. In this review, recent findings on the carcinogenic effects of low‐dose BPA on breast cancer and discussed possible biologic mechanisms are summarized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer

2016

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“…It is known that both phthalates and BPA are considered endocrine modulating chemicals: phthalates are believed to function as antiandrogens, while BPA may act as an estrogen, anti-estrogen, androgen, or antiandrogen. 41,42 This result could be interpreted as increased BPA levels in ADHD affecting neuronal connectivity, synaptic function, and dendritic length by effects on estrogen and androjen. Also, this result could be accepted in line with the suggestion that BPA acts via estrogen receptors to alter dopamine signaling, leading to hyperactivity and attention deficits in humans.…”

Section: ____________________________________________________________mentioning

confidence: 93%

May BPA and phthalates have a role in etiopathogenesis of ADHD?

Öztop¹,

Demirci²,

Özmen³

et al. 2017

Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg

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“…Some of the chemicals such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are generally used as alternatives in consumer products and labelled as 'BPA-free'. Rochester and Bolden 31 reviewed the toxicity of about 20 chemicals that are suggested as BPA-alternatives in 2015. They concluded that these compounds are also equally potent as BPA and exhibit endocrine disrupting effects.…”

Section: History Of Bpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Need for Regulatory Policies in India, on the Use of Bisphenol a in Food Contact Plastic Containers

Mahamuni¹,

N.D.Shrinithivihahshini²

2017

Current Science

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Keywords: BPA policy, endocrine disruptor, low-dose effects, toxicity, tolerable daily intake.ENDOCRINE disorders like infertility, obesity, thyroid disorders, male and female reproductive abnormalities have been increasing in the recent past. These disorders have been identified as significant public health burdens affecting more than 5% of the US population. Disorders like diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, osteopenia, erectile dysfunction in male and thyroiditis are found to be more prevalent among the US population 1 . A five-fold increase of endocrine disorders like infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid, amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, menopause and hormonal contraception in Indian women was reported 2 . Besides other causes, exposure to synthetic chemicals like agrochemicals, industrial chemicals including solvents, plastics and plasticizers is one of the reasons for such endocrine disruptions 3 . These chemical compounds potentially disrupt hormonal functions and are collectively called as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). These chemicals enter human body through oral ingestion, respiratory and/or dermal exposure. Through different mechanisms, EDCs bind to the hormonal receptors and affect the usual hormone actions. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one such synthetic chemical used largely in the manufacturing of polycarbonate (PC) plastics and epoxy resins. These PC plastics are widely used in various home appliances, such as kitchen wares, storage containers, etc.; thus exposure to humans is apparently high. BPA is leached into food substances under various circumstances via elevated temperature, longer storage or shelf-life, acidic pH, high pressure, etc. [3][4][5][6][7] . The repeated use of containers is also attributed to the high migration of this compound 8 . The potential endocrine-disrupting effects of this compound have been studied widely. Though many scientific evidences have been produced, the results vary on the level of toxicity of BPA on animal and human model systems. The governments, international monitoring agencies and various national level federal agencies are not certain about whether or not to restrict the use of this compound in food-contact materials. The dose responses showed that discrepancies lie across species level as the human testis model is more sensitive than that of rat and other animal model studies 9 . These discrepancies lead to a critical status quo where most experiments are conducted in rat and other animal models. To restrict the use of BPA in food-contact materials, we need conclusive evidence suggesting significant toxicity over hormone systems. This article intends to examine the position of developing countries especially India at present on the regulation of BPA.

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Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes

Cited by 1,164 publications

References 75 publications

Low‐Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer

Low‐Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer

May BPA and phthalates have a role in etiopathogenesis of ADHD?

Need for Regulatory Policies in India, on the Use of Bisphenol a in Food Contact Plastic Containers

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