Bisphenol A and replacements in thermal paper: A review

Björnsdotter, Maria K.; Boer, Jacob de; Ballesteros‐Gómez, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.070

Cited by 170 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Bisphenols mainly enter the human body through contaminated food or water. However, contact with thermal paper in the form of sales receipts is also common, and those bisphenols may then enter the system via the handling of food [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol S in Food Causes Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects Comparable to or Worse than Bisphenol A: A Literature Review

et al. 2020

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In recent years, bisphenol analogues such as bisphenol S (BPS) have come to replace bisphenol A in food packaging and food containers, since bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to leach into food and water, causing numerous negative health effects. Unfortunately, little or no research was done to determine the safety of these BPA-free products before they were marketed to the public as a healthier alternative. The latest studies have shown that some of these bisphenol analogues may be even more harmful than the original BPA in some situations. This article used a literature survey to investigate the bisphenol analogue BPS and compare it to BPA and other analogues with regards to increased obesity, metabolic disorders, cancer, and reproductive defects; among others. It was found that BPS works via different pathways than does BPA while causing equivalent obesogenic effects, such as activating preadipocytes, and that BPS was correlated with metabolic disorders, such as gestational diabetes, that BPA was not correlated with. BPS was also shown to be more toxic to the reproductive system than BPA and was shown to hormonally promote certain breast cancers at the same rate as BPA. Therefore, a strong argument may be made to regulate BPS in exactly the same manner as BPA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisphenol S in Food Causes Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects Comparable to or Worse than Bisphenol A: A Literature Review

et al. 2020

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“…Although ingestion exposure is the major concern and focus of most BPA research efforts, the dermal exposure of BPA has raised lots of concern and discussion. BPA can be absorbed through the skin effectively (Björnsdotter, de Boer, & Ballesteros‐Gomez, ), with the most skin absorption through daily contact with different paper products (Bunone, Briand, Miksicek, & Picard, ; Demierre, Peter, Oberli, & Bourqui‐Pittet, ; Fan et al, ; Liao & Kannan, ; Mielke, Partosch, & Gundert‐Remy, ). This is particularly true for cashiers who are exposed to thermal paper products every day (Sarigiannis et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bisphenol A on gap junctions in HaCaT cells as mediated by the estrogen receptor pathway

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2018

J of Applied Toxicology

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used as the raw material for the production of plastics and paper products. People can be exposed to BPA through dermal contact, particularly for cashiers in contact with thermal paper every day. BPA is a known endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be carcinogenic. Many tumors show weak gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of BPA's action on GJIC of human HaCaT skin cells. The results showed that BPA increased cell proliferation rates, prolonged GJIC photobleaching fluorescence recovery times and reduced overall fluorescence recovery rates at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μm. BPA downregulated connexin (Cx)26 mRNA level at 0.1 μm. Estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182 780 at 5 nm partially blocked the above effects of BPA indicating involvement of the ER pathway with BPA exposure. However, BPA did not influence Cx43 mRNA and protein levels. Our immunofluorescence data showed that Cx26 was expressed in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, and was involved in the formation of gap junctions between adjacent cells, while Cx43 was expressed only in the cytoplasm. Therefore, our data indicate that Cx26 gap junctions may be involved in the GJIC inhibition caused by BPA. In conclusion, our results indicate that BPA can promote human skin cell proliferation, inhibit skin cell GJIC function but not formation and downregulate Cx26 mRNA levels partially through the ER pathway. We hypothesize that BPA can exhibit carcinogenicity by inhibiting GJIC.

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“…A metodologia validada foi aplicada na determinação de BFA em 13 tipos de produtos de papel (n=444), incluindo papel termossensível (n=341), bilhete de loteria (n=7), bilhete de ônibus (n=5), cartão de visita (n=12), envelope (n=11), flyer (n=10), guardanapo (n=8), papel de impressão sulfite A4 (n=3), embalagem de alimento (n=20), papel higiênico (n=8), papel toalha (n=4) e revista (n=9), jornal (n=6). BFA foi encontrado em 98% das amostras de papel termossensível (n =341) com concentrações variando desde menores que o LQ até 27,7 mg.g -1 e média geométrica e mediana de 14,6 mg. O principal revelador utilizado é o BFA, embora atualmente existem alternativas ao seu uso (BJÖRNSDOTTER et al, 2017). Um revelador é uma substância fracamente ácida, cuja função é transferir prótons para a tinta termocrômica, promovendo a formação da cor (MENDUN, 2011 (ROCHESTER et al, 2013).…”

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“…Em homens, foi observada redução da função sexual masculina (ereção, orgasmo, desejo sexual), redução da qualidade do esperma, além de diminuição dos níveis de testosterona e da contagem de espermatozoides (ROCHESTER et al, 2013). Além disso, o BFA vem tendo um importante papel na etiologia de algumas doenças crônicas como diabetes tipo 2, doenças cardiovasculares, problemas congênitos, distúrbios comportamentais, hipertensão, alteração na função renal e obesidade (ROCHESTER et al, 2013;BJÖRNSDOTTER et al, 2017).…”

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“…Há múltiplas fontes que contribuem para a exposição humana ao BFA, incluindo água, solo, poeira, alimentos e bebidas (BJÖRNSDOTTER et al, 2017;HAMMARLING et al, 2000;LIAO et al, 2014;ZHOU et al, 2015;YANG et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2010), sendo a dieta, a principal via de exposição (SCHECTER et al, 2010a;GUART et al, 2011). Entretanto uma importante via de exposição que vem sendo estudada atualmente é a absorção dérmica.…”

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Desenvolvimento de um método simples e rápido para determinação de bisfenol A em amostras de papéis por espectroscopia de fluorescência sincronizada

Gallimberti¹

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in a variety of consumer products, including some paper products, particularly thermal receipt papers, for which it is used as a color developer. Nevertheless, little is known about the magnitude of BPA contamination or human exposure to BPA as a result of contact with papers. In this study, was develop and validate an methodology for determination of BPA by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The developed and validated method was fast, easy, low cost, with a good sensibility and appropriate for application in paper samples. The method was linear on the range of to 25 a 450 µg.L -1 (r = 0,9993). The detection and quantification limits were 1,20 and 3,99 µg.L -1 respectively. Inter and intraday precision were between 3,21 to 8,54% and 0,29 to 3,92%, respectively. Accuracy was between 87,4 to 111%.The recovery was between 100 to 102 % (extracted samples). The validated methodology was applied in the BPA determination in 13 types pf paper products (n=444), including thermal receipt papers (n=341), lottery tickets (n=7), bus tickets (n=5), business cards (n=12), mailing envelopes (n=11), flyers (n=10), napkins (n=8), printing paper (n=3), food contact paper (n=20), kitchen rolls (n=4), toilet paper (n=8), newspaper (n=6), and magazines (n=9). BPA was found in 98% of thermal receipt papers (n = 341) at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 27,7 mg.g -1 with a geometric mean of 14,6 mg.g -1 and a median of 17,7 mg.g -1 . The majority (96%) of other paper products (n = 103) contained BPA at concentrations ranging from below the LOQ to 379 µg.g -1 with a geometric mean of 14,7 µg.g -1 and a median of 17,3 µg.g -1 . Whereas thermal receipt papers contained the highest concentrations of BPA (milligram-per-gram), the others types of papers, especially those produced from recycled paper contain lower concentrations of BPA (microgramper-gram). Estimation of human exposure to BFA through manipulation of different paper types was calculated based on the measure of concentration and frequency of manipulation. The estimated daily intake for BFA adjusted body weight (calculated at median concentrations) through dermal absorption from handling of papers was 14.5and 1070 ng/day for the general population and occupationally exposed individuals, iv respectively.

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Bisphenol A and replacements in thermal paper: A review

Cited by 170 publications

References 54 publications

Bisphenol S in Food Causes Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects Comparable to or Worse than Bisphenol A: A Literature Review

Bisphenol S in Food Causes Hormonal and Obesogenic Effects Comparable to or Worse than Bisphenol A: A Literature Review

Effects of bisphenol A on gap junctions in HaCaT cells as mediated by the estrogen receptor pathway

Desenvolvimento de um método simples e rápido para determinação de bisfenol A em amostras de papéis por espectroscopia de fluorescência sincronizada

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