Bismuth-loaded plastic scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy

Rupert, B. L.; Cherepy, Nerine J.; Sturm, Benjamin W.; Sanner, Robert M.; Payne, Stephen A.

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/97/22002

Cited by 85 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…18,19 For radiation sensing purposes, it is also desirable that the high-Z component be highly soluble in organic polymers. 16,20 The bismuth component must also possess a wide band gap that is unable to interfere with the scintillation mechanism. 21 Due to the Lewis acidity of the metal center, the crystal structure (Figure 1) shows that each bismuth is bridged to one of the 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinolate ligands via an oxygen donor atom from a ligand on the adjacent bismuth.…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent Tris(8-hydroxyquinolates) of Bismuth(III)

2013

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Luminescent homoleptic bismuth(III) complexes have been synthesized by adding several functionalized 8-hydroxyquinolate ligands to bismuth(III) chloride in a 3:1 mole ratio in either ethanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. These complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine their structures and photophysical properties. Reversible dimerization of the mononuclear tris(hydroxyquinolate) complexes was observed in solution and quantified using UV–vis spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra show a blue shift for the monomer compared with homoleptic aluminum(III) hydroxyquinolate compounds. Four dimeric compounds and one monomeric isomer were characterized structurally. The bismuth(III) centers in the dimers are bridged by two oxygen atoms from the substituted hydroxyquinolate ligands. The more sterically hindered quinolate complex, tris(2-(diethoxymethyl)-8-quinolinato)bismuth, crystallizes as a monomer. The complexes all exhibit low-lying absorption and emission spectral features attributable to transitions between the HOMO (π orbital localized on the quinolate phenoxide ring) and LUMO (π* orbital localized on the quinolate pyridyl ring). Excitation and emission spectra show a concentration dependence in solution that suggests that a monomer–dimer equilibrium occurs. Electronic structure DFT calculations support trends seen in the experimental results with a HOMO–LUMO gap of 2.156 eV calculated for the monomer that is significantly larger than those for the dimers (1.772 and 1.915 eV). The close face to face approach of two quinolate rings in the dimer destabilizes the uppermost occupied quinolate π orbitals, which reduces the HOMO–LUMO gap and results in longer wavelength absorption and emission spectral features than in the monomer form.

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Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent Tris(8-hydroxyquinolates) of Bismuth(III)

2013

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“…Since then, to the best of our knowledge we were not able to detect any important work, except this very recent work from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory consisting of Bismuth-loaded plastic scintillators for gamma spectrometry purpose [6]. Commercial lead-loaded plastic scintillators cannot respect all the LMJ requirements already explained before: EJ-256 from Eljen Technology displays a blue wavelength and a loading ranging from 1 to 5%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Highly Lead-Loaded Red Plastic Scintillators as an X-Ray Imaging System for the Laser Méga Joule

Turk

Darbon

Normand

2012

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The scope of this project intends to record spatially resolved images of core shape and size of a deuterium-tritium microballoon during inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at Laser Méga Joule facility (LMJ). We need to develop an x-ray imaging system which can operate in the hard radiative background generated by an ignition shot of ICF. The scintillator is a part of the imaging system and has to gather a compromise of scintillating properties (scintillating efficiency, decay time, emission wavelength) so as to both operate in the hard radiative environment and to allow the acquisition of spatially resolved images. Inorganic scintillators cannot be used because no compromise can be found regarding the expected scintillating properties. Most of them are not fast enough and emit blue light. Organic scintillators are generally fast, but present low x-ray photoelectric absorption in the 10 to 40 keV range. This does not enable the acquisition of spatially resolved images.To this aim, we have developed highly lead-loaded and red-fluorescent fast plastic scintillators. Such a combination is not currently available via scintillator suppliers, since they propose only blue-fluorescent plastic scintillators doped with up to 12 wt% Pb.Thus, incorporation ratio up to 27 wt% Pb has been reached in our laboratory, which can afford a plastic scintillator with an outstanding close to 50. X-rays in the 10 to 40 keV range can thus interact with a higher probability of photoelectric effect than for classic organic scintillators, such as NE-102. The strong orange-red fluorescence can be filtered, so that we can eliminate residual Čerenkov light, generated by -ray absorption in glass parts of the imaging system. Characteristic decay times of our scintillators evaluated under UV excitation were estimated to be in the range 10 to 13 ns.

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“…A special type of plastic scintillator can be used for gamma ray spectroscopy [1]. Normal plastic scintillator detector, used for triggering particle in high energy physics experiments, can also be used for gamma ray spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple technique for gamma ray and cosmic ray spectroscopy using plastic scintillator

Nandan

Rudra

Neog

et al. 2016

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tA new and simple technique has been developed using plastic scintillator detectors for gamma ray and cosmic ray spectroscopy without single channel analyzer (SCA) or multichannel analyzer (MCA). In these experiments only a leading edge discriminator (LED) and NIM scalers have been used. Energy calibration of gamma spectra in plastic scintillators has been done using Co 60 and Cs 137 sources. The details of the experimental technique, analysis procedure and experimental results have been presented in this paper.

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Bismuth-loaded plastic scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy

Cited by 85 publications

References 8 publications

Luminescent Tris(8-hydroxyquinolates) of Bismuth(III)

Luminescent Tris(8-hydroxyquinolates) of Bismuth(III)

Highly Lead-Loaded Red Plastic Scintillators as an X-Ray Imaging System for the Laser Méga Joule

A simple technique for gamma ray and cosmic ray spectroscopy using plastic scintillator

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