Bisection of temporal intervals.

Church, Russell M.; Deluty, Marvin Z.

doi:10.1037/0097-7403.3.3.216

Cited by 437 publications

(532 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The data from this study are inconsistent with both models because both models predict a PSE at the geometric mean. The present findings of a PSE closer to the harmonic mean would be expected if the psychological representation of time changed as a reciprocal function of time (Church and Deluty, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…At this point, the probability of responding long or short is 50%. Studies with humans (Allan, 1992) and animals (Church and Deluty, 1977;Gibbon, 1986) have reliably found that the PSE is at the geometric mean of the two anchor durations. Church (1984) proposed an internal clock model that describes how animals perceive and remember durations and make a response decision based on previously reinforced durations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pigeons’ timing of an arbitrary and a naturalistic auditory stimulus: tone versus cooing

Miki

Santi

2001

Behavioural Processes

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Previous animal research has traditionally used arbitrary stimuli to investigate timing in a temporal bisection procedure. The current study compared the timing of the duration of an arbitrary, auditory stimulus (a 500-Hz tone) to the timing of the duration of a naturalistic, auditory stimulus (a pigeon cooing). In the first phase of this study, temporal perception was assessed by comparing psychophysical functions for the duration of tone and cooing signals. In the first set of tests, the point of subjective equality (PSE) was significantly lower for the tone than for the cooing stimulus, indicating that tones were judged longer than equivalent durations of cooing. In the second set of tests, gaps were introduced in the tone signal to match those present in the cooing signal, and no significant difference in the PSE for the tone or the cooing signal was found. A repetition of the testing conducted with gaps removed from the tone signal, failed to replicate the difference in the PSEs for the tone and cooing signals originally obtained. In the second phase of the study, memory for the duration of tone and cooing was examined, and a choose-long bias was found for both signals. Based on these results, it appears that, for pigeons, there may be no significant differences in either temporal perception or temporal memory for arbitrary, auditory signals and more complex, naturalistic, auditory signals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigeons’ timing of an arbitrary and a naturalistic auditory stimulus: tone versus cooing

Miki

Santi

2001

Behavioural Processes

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“…Thus, timing was not an explicitly studied behavior on those tasks, and any potential deficits in this process are only inferred from patterns of responding, rather than being measured directly. Given these considerations, the use of temporal-bisection tasks 41 , previously employed for schizophrenic patients 14,18 , could forward understanding in this area.. Given the previous results noted above for schizophrenic patients 18,20,22,25 , and those reported on schedules of reinforcement for high-schizotypals 34,37 , the expectation was that, if timing differences exist between low and high schizotypy scorers (who are free of the impact of medication), these would manifest in differences in the observed bisection point of these two groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered time-perception performance in individuals with high schizotypy levels

Reed

Randell

2014

Psychiatry Research

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The possibility of altered time-perception in high schizotypy scorers, as postulated through previous differences shown in performance between high and low scorers in schizotypy on schedules of reinforcement with temporal elements, was examined using a series of retrospective timing tasks. Three stimuli ratio manipulations were made across two experiments, and, using an adjusted version of the bisection-point method for data analysis, results showed that high scorers on the unusual experiences subscale of the O-LIFE(B) estimated the mid point of the stimulus range to be at a significantly longer interval than low scorers. This was true when the ratio between the "short" and "long" standard stimuli were 4:1 (Experiment 1), 3:1 and 2:1 (Experiment 2). These findings are consistent with the notion of altered time-perception for high schizotypals.

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“…Unlike the senses, time intervals cannot be directly perceived via specific receptors but must be constructed by the brain. Humans and animals estimate time intervals with great accuracy [1,2], and this accuracy decays proportionally with delay [3][4][5]. The ability to estimate short time intervals plays an important role in everyday behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing in reward and decision processes

Bermúdez

Schultz

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Sensitivity to time, including the time of reward, guides the behaviour of all organisms. Recent research suggests that all major reward structures of the brain process the time of reward occurrence, including midbrain dopamine neurons, striatum, frontal cortex and amygdala. Neuronal reward responses in dopamine neurons, striatum and frontal cortex show temporal discounting of reward value. The prediction error signal of dopamine neurons includes the predicted time of rewards. Neurons in the striatum, frontal cortex and amygdala show responses to reward delivery and activities anticipating rewards that are sensitive to the predicted time of reward and the instantaneous reward probability. Together these data suggest that internal timing processes have several well characterized effects on neuronal reward processing.

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Bisection of temporal intervals.

Cited by 437 publications

References 13 publications

Pigeons’ timing of an arbitrary and a naturalistic auditory stimulus: tone versus cooing

Pigeons’ timing of an arbitrary and a naturalistic auditory stimulus: tone versus cooing

Altered time-perception performance in individuals with high schizotypy levels

Timing in reward and decision processes

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