Births and perinatal deaths in Australia: variations by day of week.

Mathers, Colin

doi:10.1136/jech.37.1.57

Cited by 62 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…24 Although earlier neonatal studies noted higher weekend mortality rates, those analyses likely did not adjust adequately for potential confounders. 4,[6][7][8] Interestingly, the lack of a weekend effect in the current study and the recent neonatal study 24 differs from the results observed by Bell and Redelmeier, 1 who evaluated mortality rates among adult emergency admissions between 1988 and 1997 in Ontario, Canada. The difference between these findings may represent differences between adult and pediatric patient populations or a distinction between the structure or processes of health care for adult versus pediatric patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Similarly, neonatal mortality rates were shown to be slightly higher among infants born on weekends and during evening hours, compared with those born on weekdays and during daytime hours, respectively. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Whether an association exists between patient outcomes and time of admission in the pediatric patient population is unknown.To address this question, the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Evaluations (PICUEs) database, representing a cohort of 34 993 pediatric ICU (PICU) patients from 15 institutions in the United States, was analyzed. 9 The objectives of this study were to compare the risk-adjusted mortality rates for weekend admissions versus weekday admissions and the risk-adjusted mortality rates for evening admissions versus daytime admissions.…”

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Association Between Evening Admissions and Higher Mortality Rates in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

2004

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ABSTRACT. Background. Previous research investigating the relationship between the time of admission and mortality rates has yielded inconsistent results and has not been conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patient population.Objective. To determine whether an association between the time of admission (weekday versus weekend and daytime versus evening) and the risk of death exists among pediatric patients included in a cohort of children admitted to a national sample of PICUs.Design/Methods. We analyzed retrospectively a cohort of consecutive admissions to 15 PICUs included in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Evaluations database. The odds of death were analyzed by using mixed-effects, multivariate, logistic regression, with clustering at the hospital level. The primary independent variables were admission to the PICU on a weekend and admission to the PICU during evening hours. The severity of illness was adjusted by using the Pediatric Risk of Mortality III probability of death score.Patients. T o improve the quality of care, discrepancies in health care delivery and their effects on patient outcomes must be identified. Recent research has demonstrated that, among large patient cohorts, differences in time of admission are associated with differences in patient outcomes. Bell and Redelmeier 1 identified a significantly higher mortality rate among adult patients admitted on the weekend, compared with similar patients admitted on weekdays. Barnett et al, 2 in a study of Ͼ150 000 adult patients admitted to 38 intensive care units (ICUs), demonstrated both a higher risk-adjusted odds of in-hospital death and a longer ICU length of stay for patients admitted on the weekend, compared with patients admitted on weekdays. Similarly, neonatal mortality rates were shown to be slightly higher among infants born on weekends and during evening hours, compared with those born on weekdays and during daytime hours, respectively. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Whether an association exists between patient outcomes and time of admission in the pediatric patient population is unknown.To address this question, the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Evaluations (PICUEs) database, representing a cohort of 34 993 pediatric ICU (PICU) patients from 15 institutions in the United States, was analyzed. 9 The objectives of this study were to compare the risk-adjusted mortality rates for weekend admissions versus weekday admissions and the risk-adjusted mortality rates for evening admissions versus daytime admissions. METHODS PatientsData for analysis were obtained from the most current available PICUEs database, Research Dataset 20 -02. 9 This database contains patient-level data from 34 993 admissions to 15 PICUs in the United States. Details of the site-selection procedures for the 15 study sites, general data-collection methods, and other analyses of this data set have been published. 9,10 Briefly, a minimum of 67 demographic, diagnostic physiologic, laboratory, and outcome data points were collected for all patients within 24 hours a...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

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Association Between Evening Admissions and Higher Mortality Rates in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

2004

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“…14 A spate of studies has analyzed the question of whether weekend births are more dangerous (see for example MacFarlane, 1978;1979;Mangold, 1981;Hendry, 1981;Mathers, 1983;Dowding et al, 1987;Gould et al, 2003;Luo et al, 2004;Hong et al, 2007). The majority of these papers find that while the infant mortality rate is higher on weekends, this does not necessarily mean that it is more dangerous for a given child to be born on a weekend.…”

Section: Inauspicious Daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bargaining Over Labor: Do Patients Have Any Power?

Gans

Leigh

2011

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly purposes.You are not to copy documents for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. licence. www.econstor.eu If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S IntroductionBargaining theory -most notably Nash bargaining -has seen a resurgent application in policy work. In labor, family, and health economics, applied analyses use the Nash bargaining solution as the basis for evaluating policy outcomes. Invariably, however, researchers are forced to make assumptions regarding the distribution of bargaining power between agents so as to derive quantitative predictions of the consequences of various policy interventions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method by which information on the distribution of bargaining power can be extracted from data based solely on the outcomes of bilateral negotiations. The identification method uses a source of exogenous variation in the degree of conflict between two parties in a negotiation. Combining this with bargaining outcomes, we can identify the share of the surplus each party will receive on average. The idea is that -in some situations -both, one or the other, or neither party will be indifferent as to a particular outcome. That variation will allow us to determine whether other sources of variation as distinct from variation in preferences are driving observed agreements. Importantly, in utilizing this, we rely on Nash bargaining theory in its axiomatic form rather than any well-defined protocol of offer and acceptance. 3The context we apply this method to is doctor-patient negotiations with regard to birth timing decisions. This is an application of independent policy interest in health economics. It is generally thought that physicians have power to determine patient Consequently, we generate an estimate of bargaining power free of issues associated with the structure of negotiating environments, as this is something we do not observe.3 The axiomatic nature of Nash bargaining means that the underlying theory motivating our empirical identification strategy is independent of strong behavioural assumptions common...

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“…9 These correlations between weekday births and birth outcomes are well documented. See, for example Chandra et al (2004), Dowding et al (1987), Gans andLeigh (2009), Gould et al (2003), Hendry (1981), Luo et al (2004), MacFarlane (1978), Mangold (1981), andMathers (1983). In related work, Buckles and Hungerman (2008) document differential patterns in demographic characteristics of the parents over the calendar year.…”

Section: Timing Of Birthsmentioning

confidence: 99%