Bireylerin Yatırım Kararlarında Maruz Kaldığı Anomali ve Hevristikler Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Traditional finance theories argue that individuals are rational and make investment decisions without being subjected to any deception. Alternatively, behavioral finance suggests that individuals' investment decisions are influenced by psychological, exogenous, and other factors, and thus, irrational preferences may be involved. This study aims to determine the factors that affect investment decisions of investors. Homo economicus is a Latin word that means "economic or economic person." "The Wealth of Nations" written by Adam Smith in 1776 marks the beginning of the classical economics concept and homo economicus. Traditional finance theories accept individuals as rational and consider individuals as homo economicus, i.e., as economic people. Hall (1978) assumes that in his random walk theory, individuals make decisions with rational expectations. Fama (1970) accepts the random walk theory as one of the most basic assumptions based on which the efficient markets hypothesis is formulated. Fama defines the efficient market as the market in which information is fully reflected in current asset prices. The Expectation Theory put forward by Kahneman and Tversky (1979) criticizes the Expected Utility Theory, founded by Daniel Bernoulli, for not taking into account the behavior of individuals. Factors influencing investment decisions can be grouped under three headings, namely, exogenous factors and herd behavior; cognitive illusions; and demographic and socioeconomic factors.The factors to which investors are exposed were determined by a questionnaire method used in this study. Questionnaires, consisting of 25 questions, were sent to the participants ABSTRACT Behavioral finance argues that individuals are not rational while making investment decisions due to some psychological, exogenous, and other factors. As a result, they end up making poor financial decisions. This study was conducted to determine factors that individual investors are exposed to while making investment decisions. A questionnaire was handed over to 532 participants as part of the study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used to conduct the analysis. Questionnaire responses were first subjected to factor analysis, and later, reliability analysis was conducted to determine which factors were the most effective in participants' investment decisions. The reliability levels of the factors in the study were observed to be above the determined limits. The factors were shown to exhibit a significant and positive relationship. According to the results obtained, factors that affect investor decisions were grouped into three categories, namely, exogenous factors and herd behavior; cognitive illusions; and demographic and socioeconomic factors. Exogenous factors and herd behavior demonstrate situations that occur independently of investors, cognitive illusions demonstrate how psychological factors affect investors, and demographic and socioeconomic factors demonstrate how characteristics influence investors' attitudes. Consequ...