Birefringence measurement of the retinal nerve fiber layer by swept source polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography

Elmaanaoui, Badr; Wang, Bingqing; Dwelle, Jordan; McElroy, Austin; Liu, Shuang; Rylander, H. G.; Milner, Thomas E.

doi:10.1364/oe.19.010252

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A recent paper also presents birefringence values, measured with a PS-OCT set-up, working at a central wavelength of 1060 nm. 57 The values are in range of 2.94 to 4.71 × 10 −4 around the optic nerve head.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retinal polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm with 350 kHz A-scan rate using an Fourier domain mode locked laser

Torzicky¹,

Marschall

Pircher³

et al. 2013

J. Biomed. Opt

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Abstract. We present a novel, high-speed, polarization-sensitive, optical coherence tomography set-up for retinal imaging operating at a central wavelength of 1060 nm which was tested for in vivo imaging in healthy human volunteers. We use the system in combination with a Fourier domain mode locked laser with active spectral shaping which enables the use of forward and backward sweep in order to double the imaging speed without a buffering stage. With this approach and with a custom designed data acquisition system, we show polarization-sensitive imaging with an A-scan rate of 350 kHz. The acquired three-dimensional data sets of healthy human volunteers show different polarization characteristics in the eye, such as depolarization in the retinal pigment epithelium and birefringence in retinal nerve fiber layer and sclera. The increased speed allows imaging of large volumes with reduced motion artifacts. Moreover, averaging several two-dimensional frames allows the generation of high-definition B-scans without the use of an eye-tracking system. The increased penetration depth of the system, which is caused by the longer probing beam wavelength, is beneficial for imaging choroidal and scleral structures and allows automated segmentation of these layers based on their polarization characteristics. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retinal polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm with 350 kHz A-scan rate using an Fourier domain mode locked laser

Torzicky¹,

Marschall

Pircher³

et al. 2013

J. Biomed. Opt

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“…The polarimetric data processing procedure was described previously 5 . Briefly, the horizontal and vertical component of interference fringe signals (E h (z), E v (z)) and the relative phase retardation between the two orthogonal polarization states (φ diff (z)) are first cropped to the anterior and posterior RNFL boundaries.…”

Section: Polarimetric Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, PSOCT has found promising application in detecting early stage glaucoma by measuring the thickness and birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) [5][6][7][8][9] . Compared with normal eyes, RNFL thickness and birefringence both decrease in glaucoma eyes 7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies show that RNFL birefringence is mainly derived from the microtubules within retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) 10 . With appropriate polarimetric models 11,12 and carefully defined RNFL boundaries, RNFL birefringence, which provides functional information of microtubule density, can be recovered from PSOCT data 5,13 . Segmentation of the RNFL from PSOCT images is fundamental to determine RNFL thickness and birefringence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimized retinal nerve fiber layer segmentation based on optical reflectivity and birefringence for polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

et al. 2011

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Segmentation of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) from swept source polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (SS-PSOCT) images is required to determine RNFL thickness and calculate birefringence. Traditional RNFL segmentation methods based on image processing and boundary detection algorithms utilize only optical reflectivity contrast information, which is strongly affected by speckle noise. We present a novel approach to segment the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using SS-PSOCT images including both optical reflectivity and phase retardation information. The RNFL anterior boundary is detected based on optical reflectivity change due to refractive index difference between the vitreous and inner limiting membrane. The posterior boundary of the RNFL is a transition zone composed of birefringent axons extending from retinal ganglion cells and may be detected by a change in birefringence. A posterior boundary detection method is presented that segments the RNFL by minimizing the uncertainty of RNFL birefringence determined by a Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear fitting algorithm. Clinical results from a healthy volunteer show that the proposed segmentation method estimates RNFL birefringence and phase retardation with lower uncertainty and higher continuity than traditional intensity-based approaches.

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“…Both polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) and standard single-mode fiber (SMF) have been implemented for PS-OCT system construction. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The PMF-based PS-OCT systems take advantage of PMF's property that light propagation in two orthogonal linear polarization states can be maintained. Due to different propagation velocities of the light in two orthogonal states, however, length mismatch of sample and reference paths is normally compensated by hardware or software.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation in the degree of polarization in human retinal nerve fiber layer

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Using a fiber-based swept-source (SS) polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system, we investigate the degree of polarization (DOP) of light backscattered from the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in normal human subjects. Algorithms for processing data were developed to analyze the deviation in phase retardation and intensity of backscattered light in directions parallel and perpendicular to the nerve fiber axis (fast and slow axes of RNFL). Considering superior, inferior, and nasal quadrants, we observe the strongest degradation in the DOP with increasing RNFL depth in the temporal quadrant. Retinal ganglion cell axons in normal human subjects are known to have the smallest diameter in the temporal quadrant, and the greater degradation observed in the DOP suggests that higher polarimetric noise may be associated with neural structure in the temporal RNFL. The association between depth degradation in the DOP and RNFL structural properties may broaden the utility of PS-OCT as a functional imaging technique.

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Birefringence measurement of the retinal nerve fiber layer by swept source polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Retinal polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm with 350 kHz A-scan rate using an Fourier domain mode locked laser

Retinal polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm with 350 kHz A-scan rate using an Fourier domain mode locked laser

Optimized retinal nerve fiber layer segmentation based on optical reflectivity and birefringence for polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Degradation in the degree of polarization in human retinal nerve fiber layer

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