Birds of Iwokrama Forest

PHYLOGENETIC EVIDENCE FOR COMPETITIVELY DRIVEN DIVERGENCE: BODY-SIZE EVOLUTION IN CARIBBEAN TREEFROGS (HYLIDAE:OSTEOPILUS)

“…There are a number of thoroughly studied examples of even spacing between body sizes among species within communities (reviewed in Schoener 1974; Dayan and Simberloff 2005). However, there are also many assemblages lacking these patterns (e.g., Duellman and Mendelson 1995; Duellman 2005; Lim and Engstrom 2005; Ridgely et al 2005; Rodrigues et al 2005; Vernes et al 2006). In these latter communities, either there are many species that have very similar body sizes, or else there is uneven spacing between the mean body sizes of different species.…”

Phytogeographic History and Phylogeny of the Humiriaceae

“…Because some species of Vantanea and Humiria are very similar in fruit morphology, size is useful for distinguishing them. The small drupes of Humiria seem to be related to dispersal by bats and birds (Cuatrecasas 1961;Macedo and Prance 1978;Ridgely et al 2005). In general, the length of a drupe within an individual species and even within a genus does not vary more than a couple of centimeters.…”

“…The family has distinctive drupaceous fruits with woody endocarps having longitudinal germination valves and, in some genera, apical foramina and endocarp wall cavities. The fruits are known to be consumed and/or dispersed by rodents, tapirs, primates, birds, and bats and sometimes inhabited by beetle larvae (Cuatrecasas 1961;Macedo and Prance 1978;Henry et al 2000;Johnson et al 2001;Sabatier 2002;Lopes and Faria 2004;Ridgely et al 2005). Additionally, the extinct megafauna and PaleoIndians of the Amazon rain forest apparently interacted with Humiriaceae (Roosevelt et al 1996;Guimarã es et al 2008).…”

Morphometrics of two sympatric species of tree frogs in Korea: a morphological key for the critically endangeredHyla suweonensisin relation toH. japonica

“…There is an evidence of competition among species in the same communities, displaying not only a gap in their size distribution (reviewed in Dayan & Simberloff 2005) but also for species with very similar body sizes, or exhibiting overlaps in their size ranges (Duellman & Mendelson 1995;Duellman 2005;Lim & Engstrom 2005;Ridgely et al 2005;Rodrigues et al 2005;Vernes et al 2006). Besides, prey size is strongly correlated to body size in tree frogs (Toft 1980;Toft 1985;Lima & Moreira 1993;Duellman 2005), which appear to have a diet based mainly on arthropods (Inger & Greenberg 1966;Toft 1985;Lima & Magnusson 1998;Duellman, 2005;Kovacs et al 2007).…”